Abstract
In this work, cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to study the genetic diversity and relationships among 49 grape germplasm accessions analyzed with 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. In total, 139 polymorphic loci were detected among these accessions with an average of 7.32 polymorphic loci per SSR primer pair. The average values for the effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon’s information index were 1.5605, 0.3352 and 0.5064, respectively. The cluster analysis showed that the 49 accessions could be divided into five groups and an outgroup. The results of the PCA were nearly consistent with those of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering analysis. These results will be useful for the exploitation of grape germplasm in basic and applied research. Key words: Vitis vinifera L., simple sequence repeat (SSR), genetic diversity, principal component analysis.  
Highlights
Vitis vinifera L. is a precious horticultural crop worldwide and is profoundly connected with the development of human culture (This et al, 2006)
We selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from these previous experiments to assess the phylogenetic relationships among 49 cultivated grapevines originating from different countries
Our results show that VrZAG64 had the highest level of genetic diversity (H = 0.4543; I = 0.6458)
Summary
Vitis vinifera L. is a precious horticultural crop worldwide and is profoundly connected with the development of human culture (This et al, 2006). Over the past few decades, the planting of single species with high quality and yield has resulted in the drastic reduction of genetic diversity in both cultivated and wild grapevines (Santana et al, 2008). The narrow genetic base of cultivated varieties makes them susceptible to diseases, pests, and environmental conditions. The genetic variation of wild V. vinifera species has slowly diminished due to the loss of natural habitat (Emanuelli et al, 2013). To avoid further losses of valuable genes and genotypes, it is of significant importance to take effective protection measures, which requires research into genetic relationships and the reconstruction of pedigrees
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