Abstract
Over the past few years, the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have helped communities remarkably to respond to and recover from the impact of natural hazards like floods in Pakistan. Compared to the previous natural disasters, 2010 floods were the most devastating and the challenges through relief aid were more significant for the affected families and communities. The purpose of this paper is to gather lesson learned and perception at the community level of the NGOs extended shelter assistance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. In this regard face-to-face questionnaire was used with 406 respondents (both shelter recipients and non-recipients) for two modules of the questionnaire whilst the 3rd module of the questionnaire was only administered with the shelter-recipients households (HHs) (n=203), using a parallel sampling approach. Overall, the study findings draw attention towards further improvement so that the non-recipients HHs may see and value the assistance as socially balance and integrated. Evidence from this study shows that around 88% of the shelter-recipients expressed their agreement while on the other hand less than one-third of the non-shelter-recipients agreed that the allocation to the recipient’s HHs was based on prioritization of needs and 89% of the shelter-recipient respondents agreed that the given shelters have met their HH accommodation needs. However, among these only 34% fully agreed that it met their accommodation needs adequately whilst 55% only agreed partially however, less than half of them (45%) mentioned should have a boundary wall. Moreover, around one-fifth (20%) mentioned to have at least two rooms and toilets. This paper also offers potential actions for State owned and humanitarian agencies to support long-term sustainability in their relief activities and an often-overlooked element of the disaster recovery cycle. NGOs may be interested in using this document to inform their decision makers about changes to disaster relief policies that better define the components of and organizational roles and responsibilities in long-term recovery to the disaster affected people. Key words: Shelter Assistance, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Flooding, Natural Disaster, NGOs. Pakistan.
Highlights
Natural hazards are naturally occurring phenomena and worst disasters that cause destructions to human beings and the environment
Natural disasters can be ranged in severity and the number of people that are affected can depend on various factors including the density of the population where the disaster occurs, the quality of existing infrastructure, the provision of basic social services and the speed of response (GHA, 2011)
If we look into the flooding incidents around the world in general, Asia and South east Asian countries in particular, we have found that several countries suffered from severe floods such as the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh, the Yangtze in China, the Oder and the Vistula in Poland, the Elbe in Germany and Indus in Pakistan (Chowdhury, 2003; Gupta and Sah, 2008; Khan et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2010; Lixin et al, 2012)
Summary
Natural hazards are naturally occurring phenomena and worst disasters that cause destructions to human beings and the environment. Natural disasters can be ranged in severity and the number of people that are affected can depend on various factors including the density of the population where the disaster occurs, the quality of existing infrastructure, the provision of basic social services and the speed of response (GHA, 2011). Due to its particular geographical and climatological conditions, like other South Asian countries, Pakistan has no exclusion to regular floods which affected millions of people and caused a significant humanitarian disaster with extensive economic and security consequences for the entire country people. There is a long history of disastrous floods in Pakistan (Khan, 2003; Atta-ur-Rahman, 2010) but 2010 floods were the most disastrous floods in the history of the nation (Shah et al, 2017)
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