Abstract
This investigation was conducted to study the effect of protected kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil supplementation upon the in vitro relative proportion of linoleic acid and ruminal fermentation parameters using rumen fluid of Etawah crossbred goat and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as feed. Research materials used were elephant grass (EG), kapok seed oil (KSO), lactating Etawah crossbred goat (ECG) rumen fluid, potassiumhydroxide (KOH) and calciumchloride(CaCl2). There were two treatment factors, namely KSO supplementation as factor I (S) and protection as factor II (P). The first factor consists of four levels, namely 5% (S1), 10% (S2), 15% (S3) and without KSO supplementation (S0), while the second factor consists of 5 levels, namely: 0% (P0), 25%(P1), 50% (P2), 75% (P3) and100% (P4), thus there were 15 combinations of treatment and one control (S0P0). Measured variables consisting of: in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), the molar proportion of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid: propionic acid (A/P) ratio, the relative proportion of linoleic acid, stearic acid and ruminal lipid iodine number (IN). The results showed that 5% of unprotected KSO supplementation increased the molar proportion of propionic acid from 21.30% in the EG without supplementation becomes to 23.67% (P <0.05) without any negative effect on IVNDFD. Supplementation of protected KSO at 10 and 75% protection level increased (P <0.05) the molar proportion of propionic acid significantly (35.49%) with A / P ratio: 1.68 without significant IVNDFD variation. Increasing levels of KSO supplementation (up to 15%) increased the relative proportion of ruminal linoleic acid, followed by increasing in iodine number. The combination between KSO supplementation and protection increased the ruminal linoleic acid relative proportion and lipid iodine number, were 47.14% and 51.09, respectively. The KSO supplementation at the level of 10% with 75% protection level can resulted in the same proportion of linoleic acid to 15% KSO supplementation with 75% protection level (45.39 and 46.50 and 97%, respectively) with higher IVNDFD (P<0.05), namely 50.97 vs. 45.44%). Key words: Kapok seed oil, protection, linoleic acid, ruminal fermentability, elephant grass, Etawah crossbred goat, in vitro, linoleic acid.
Highlights
Consumer demand for improved quality of livestock products recently is higher in terms of nutritional value, and for healthy products (Nuernberg et al, 2006)
The results showed that 5% of unprotected kapok seed oil (KSO) supplementation increased the molar proportion of propionic acid from 21.30% in the elephant grass (EG) without supplementation becomes to 23.67% (P
Between the elephant grass with no supplementation and supplemented by 5% KSO with and without protection, there were no significant difference in IVNDFD
Summary
Consumer demand for improved quality of livestock products recently is higher in terms of nutritional value, and for healthy products (Nuernberg et al, 2006). The increasing of goat products, both meat and. Goat milk consumption still often face constraint such as cholesterol phobia issue, because of the high saturation degree of fatty acid and cholesterol levels in the livestock products. Feed manipulation was required to overcome this, among other with the supplementation of linoleic acid -rich oil in this case was kapok seed oil (KSO), because of lower lipid levels in goats conventional feed (forage), which was only about 3% despite a high proportion in linoleic acid (Jalc et al, 2007). Oil supplementation may increase the energy density of the ration (Cieślak et al, 2010)
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