Abstract
Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae) and Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) are two plants used in Benin to manage hypertension. Little scientific data is available on the antihypertensive properties of these plants. Therefore, we investigated the antihypertensive potential of ethanolic extracts of O. americanum and P. lappacea on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. The DPPH free radical scavenging potential, Fe3+ reducing capacity, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging were assessed. Extracts were also screened for their active compounds using ultimate high-performance liquid chromatography 3000. CODA™ non-invasive blood pressure system was used to record blood pression parameters. Both extracts induced significant decrease of systolic, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pression. O. americanum extract at 250 mg/kg body weight, decreased mean blood pressure (MBP) from 146 ± 4.80 to 98.4 ± 9.44 mmHg and P. lappacea extract from 154.4 ± 11.28 to 111.8 ± 9.44 mmHg. A significant decrease of MBP was also observed with Losartan and Captopril at 100 mg/kg body weight. P. lappacea showed the higest ferric reducing/antioxidant power 4905 ± 87.79 µmol AAE g-1. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities showed higher activity, 68.42 ± 3.68 and 38.68 ± 4.18%, respectively for O. americanum. The chromatography analysis of extracts suggested the presence of ferulic acid, chlorogenic, tannic, ellargic, caffeic acids and chrysin, rutin and isorhamnetin. The obtained results justify the traditional use of O. americanum and P. lappacea in management of hypertension in southern Benin. Key words: Ocimum americanum, Pupalia lappacea, antihypertensive activity, antioxidant activity.
Highlights
Hypertension is reported next to many infectious diseases as most serious health problems in developing tropical countries (Orch et al, 2015)
This study is designed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of ethanolic extrats of O. americanum (OAE) and P. lappacea (PLE) to L-NAME
Contrary to P. lappacea, tannin, alkaloids, naphthoquinones and anthracene derivatives were detected in O. americanum
Summary
Hypertension is reported next to many infectious diseases as most serious health problems in developing tropical countries (Orch et al, 2015). The reasons for increasing prevalence of hypertension can be correlated to exposure to persistent stress, excessive alcohol consumption, use of tobacco unhealthy diet, physical. Many studies have demonstrated its anticonceptive, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory properties and antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal activity (Mehnoor and Chakrapani, 2015; Naidu et al, 2014; Apenteng et al, 2014; Hoekou et al, 2012). Despite their traditional use, there is little or no information to confirm the antihypertensive properties attributed empirically to these plants. This study is designed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of ethanolic extrats of O. americanum (OAE) and P. lappacea (PLE) to L-NAME-
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