Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic disease caused by sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and sorghum mosaic Virus (SrMV) is an economically important viral disease of sugarcane worldwide. Field survey was conducted to assess the presence of the viruses involve in mosaic disease of sugarcane in Makarfi Local Government Areas of Kaduna State (Northern Guinea Savannah), Nigeria. A range of symptoms were observed on the infected land races from the pale green stripes to yellow chlorotic stripes on a dark green background. The purple land race (“Bakarkwama”) was highly susceptible followed by green land race (“Bahausa”) and the least infected was the white land race (“fararkwama”). 63 symptomatic and asymptomatic sugarcane leaves and stem juice extract from 14 villages of Makarfi L.G.A. were screened for the four viruses using DAS and TAS ELISA methods. SCMV, MDMV and SrMV were detected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic sugarcane leaf samples whereas JGMV was not detected in the locations sampled. SCMV isolate has the highest incidence (83%) from all the locations followed by SrMV (10%) and MDMV (5%) isolates. Mixed infections of the three viruses were also detected in some samples. This is the first report of identification of virus isolates inducing sugarcane disease in one of the major sugarcane producing areas of the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Key words: Sugarcane, SCMV, MDMV, SrMV, TAS-ELISA, DAS-ELISA.
Highlights
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), belongs to the family Poaceae, it is a high value cash crop in many parts of the world
Mosaic in sugarcane is a member of potyvirus genus of the family potyviridae consisting of four distinct viruses based on serological properties; coat protein and genome sequence (Shukla et al, 1992) and is one of the most common and economically important viruses in sugarcane cultivars causing severe effect on sugarcane production worldwide
The present paper reports for the first time that, the identification of the virus isolates causing mosaic disease of sugarcane in Makarfi, which is the major sugarcane producing areas of Kaduna State
Summary
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), belongs to the family Poaceae, it is a high value cash crop in many parts of the world. (1999), reported SCMV incidence of 6% based on sap inoculations on susceptible maize varieties from the Southern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria. As these viruses are transmissible through infected seed canes, they pose the risk of accidental introduction into previous disease-free regions. Symptom expression may be confused for environment disorders, as they both cause disruption in plant metabolism These necessitate the use of antibody-based technique to diagnose the disease. The present paper reports for the first time that, the identification of the virus isolates causing mosaic disease of sugarcane in Makarfi, which is the major sugarcane producing areas of Kaduna State, A405nm values greater than two times that of the healthy control and were considered positive
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