Abstract
This study was undertaken in the main Côte d’Ivoire fish farming production regions. Fish farming were surveyed on the basis of socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers, farming practices and production depending to the systems. Results show that majority of fish farmers used semi intensive (51.8%) and extensive (42.9%) systems. Intensive system represented only 1.3% and rice-fish system 4.0% of fish farms. Tilapia, Heterotis and Catfish were the most species reared with frequencies depending to the system. In intensive system, rearing structures were tanks and floating cages and farms owner were native (50%) economic operator (75%) or salaried (25%). In contrast, in semi intensive systems, the popular rearing structures were earthen ponds (68.6%), and farms belong to native (61.5%) farmers (46.3%). Extensive and rice fish farming used earthen ponds associated to dams (52.7-66.7%) and 45.7-50% of proprietary were allochthonous famers (77.5-91.7%). Imported (50%) and national commercial feeds (50%) were used in intensive system. In semi intensive system, national commercial feeds (55.13%), agro-industrial byproducts (46.79%) and feeds produced by fish farmers (33.97%) were largely used while agro-industrial byproducts and/or non-conventional feeds were used in extensive and rice-fish system to feed fish. The average farm production of semi intensive and extensive systems most practiced varied between 395.25 and 2937.12 kg/year. The results suggest that optimization of the Ivorian fish farming production need the adoption of appropriate production practices. They also emphasize the need to promote the intensive and semi intensive systems to increasing marketable fish production. Key words: Fish farming, System, socio-economic, farming practices, production.
Highlights
Fish provides animal protein, essential fatty acids and micronutrients (Wang et al, 2006) and consumption improves the quality of the diet which leads to an improved nutritional status in developing countries found in Africa, Asia and Oceania (Kawarazuka, 2010).Calculated from the FAO food balance, fish contributes more than 1/3 of the total animal protein supply in most of African countries (FAO, 2009)
During the year 2000 to 2014 the production in Africa has increased by a rate of 3.28 from 399 688 to 1 710 900 t while Sub-Saharan Africa aquaculture production has increased by a rate of 9.18 from 55 702 to 556 900 t (FAO, 2014, 2016)
The survey revealed that basically four different types of fish production are present on farms visited in the main areas of fish production in Côte d’Ivoire which were intensive, semi-intensive, extensive and integrated ricefish system
Summary
Calculated from the FAO food balance, fish contributes more than 1/3 of the total animal protein supply in most of African countries (FAO, 2009). For these peoples, aquaculture and small-scale fisheries contribute to improving fish availability and nutrition security. During the recent years, world aquaculture fish productions have been substantial increased and accounted for 44.1 percent of total production from capture fisheries and aquaculture. It is the same in many African countries where aquaculture fish productions have considerably increased. During the year 2000 to 2014 the production in Africa has increased by a rate of 3.28 from 399 688 to 1 710 900 t while Sub-Saharan Africa aquaculture production has increased by a rate of 9.18 from 55 702 to 556 900 t (FAO, 2014, 2016)
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