Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult (Asclepiadaceae) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) are two plants used in Burkina Faso in traditional medicine and in the form of phytomedicine in the treatment of diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous ethanolic extracts of leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Sclerocarya birrea on glycemia. A phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained by successive exhaustion after maceration of the leaves was carried out. The effect of these extracts was tested on basal plasma glucose and oral tolerance glucose in mice. Saponosides, tannins, flavonoids, sterol and triterpene glycosides, reducing compounds and coumarinic derivatives were found in the leaves of both plants. Alkaloids were also detected in the leaves of G. sylvestre and anthocyanosides in the leaves of S. birrea. The aqueous ethanolic extracts from leaves of G. sylvestre, S. birrea or both in combination at 100 mg/kg body per weight did not have a significant hypoglycemic effect on basal plasma glucose but significantly reduced (p<0.05; p<0.001) peak of hyperglycemia. The effect of the combination of the aqueous ethanolic extracts of the two plants on hyperglycemia is greater (47% reduction) than the effect of the aqueous ethanolic extracts of G. sylvestre (21% reduction) or S. birrea (36% reduction) alone. These results show that the combined use of G. sylvestre and S. birrea aqueous ethanolic extracts would be an asset in the treatment of diabetes. Key words: Gymnema sylvestre, Sclerocarya birrea, oral glucose tolerance test, hypoglycemia, Antihyperglycemia.
Highlights
The chemical groups revealed in the extracts of the two plants by thin-layer chromatography were steroidal and triterpenic glycosides in chloroformic extracts, flavonoids, saponosides and tannins in aqueous-methanolic extracts
Anthocyanosides were found in addition in S. birrea aqueous-methanolic extract and anthracenosides in G. sylvestre
Unlike G. sylvestre, this study showed the presence of anthocyanosides in the leaves of S. birrea
Summary
Cannot effectively use the insulin it produces (IDF, 2019). According to WHO estimates, 422 million people worldwide are diabetic and 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes in 2016. Over 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes could become the 7th leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 (WHO, 2020). The increase in the number of deaths is due to a rich diet, obesity and sedentary population. Diabetes is a complex disease both in its physiopathological mechanisms and in the genesis of its complications
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