Abstract
There is rising incidence of hypertension especially among children and young adults in Nigeria. Hypertension in childhood could be harbinger for adult hypertension. This study looked at the prevalence of hypertension in children and adults in an urban community. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 5,733 respondents aged 3 to 78 years residents in Mokola Ibadan, South Western Nigeria selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected and Chi square test and logistic regression were used to determine significant determinants and predictors of hypertension at p<0.05. Prevalence of hypertension was 27.3% in adults and 12.8% in children < 18 years. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) was found in 10.3% of adults and 4.4% of children while isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) was found in 4.7% of adults and 5.3% of children. Odds of ISH were significantly 2 times greater among female compared with male children. Among adults, the odds of hypertension and ISH were 1.32 and 2 times, respectively more among the males compared to females. Obese children were about 2 times (OR = 1.50 95%CI: 1.03 to 2.20) and overweight and obese adults were 3 times (OR = 3.20; 95%CI: 2.15 to 4.75) and 4 times (OR =3.5 (95%CI: 2.40 -5.22), respectively more likely to be hypertensive. Adults, male, ever smoked, ever used alcohol and employed were significantly more likely to be hypertensive. Predictors of hypertension in children were obesity [AOR = 1.44 (95%CI 0.98, 2.10)] and among adults were, middle age 35-55 years [AOR = 3.80 (95%CI 2.73, 5.29)] and elderly age 55+ years [AOR = 7.37 (95%CI 4.90, 11.10)], overweight [AOR= 2.55 (95%CI 1.39, 4.71)] and obese [AOR = .02 (95%CI 1.65, 5.52)]. High prevalence of hypertension among children and adults as well as linear increase with age in this community underscores the need for life course approach to control hypertension. Key words: Hypertension, blood pressure, adults and children, risk factors, urban community.
Highlights
High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease and a significant risk factor for renal disease and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, stroke, and left ventricularJ
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of hypertension is highest in the African Region at 46% of adults aged 25 years and above while the lowest was found in the American region (WHO, 2011)
In a systematic review of articles published on hypertension between 2000 and 2013 in sub-Saharan Africa, Ataklte et al reported a pooled hypertension prevalence of 30% in adults and a range from 14.7 to 69.9% depending on the site and age
Summary
High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease and a significant risk factor for renal disease and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, stroke, and left ventricularJ. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of hypertension is highest in the African Region at 46% of adults aged 25 years and above while the lowest was found in the American region (WHO, 2011). The incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular mortality has been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa over the past few decades (Ataklte et al, 2015) and is expected to nearly double by the year 2030 (Damasceno et al, 2009). In a systematic review of articles published on hypertension between 2000 and 2013 in sub-Saharan Africa, Ataklte et al reported a pooled hypertension prevalence of 30% in adults and a range from 14.7 to 69.9% depending on the site and age
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