Abstract
The phytochemical constituents of stem bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis were isolated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A shade-dried stem bark of K. senegalensis was extracted using methanol and water as solvents. The main chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to confirm the various classes of active chemical. The chemical composition of methanolic stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included: 4-Hepten-3-one, 2, 6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, and 11-Octadecenoic acid. Others are 9–Hexadecenoic acid, Stearic acid, I, E-11, Z-13-Octadecatriene, Cyclododecyne, Hexadecanoic acid, Ricinoleic acid, 13-Decosenoic acid, and 9-Hexadecenal. The Chemical composition of aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis included 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, (Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadeien-1-ol, 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene, and 1-flourodecane. Other chemical constituents of the aqueous extract included 9-octadecanal, E-9-tetradecanal, and 2-methyl-Z, Z-3, 13-octadecadienol. The molecular weight of these compounds ranged from low to high with carbon skeleton of between C7 and C37. Both aromatic and aliphatic compounds were identified. K. senegalensis contains alkaloid, saponin, tannins and flavonoids. A good number of bioactive compounds were present in the stem bark of K. senegalensis. Key words: Aqueous extracts, metanolic extracts, GC-MS analysis, Khaya senegalensis, phytochemical profile.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONThe therapeutic effects of medicinal plants are attributed to the phytochemicals in them including: flavonids, alkaloids, steroids, trepenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, saponins among others (Nyamai et al, 2016)
The use of traditional medicine is age long and inherent with prospects and challenges in many cultures in Africa
To the best of our knowledge, researchers had used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the chemistry of the active ingredients of stem bark extracts of K. senegalensis
Summary
The therapeutic effects of medicinal plants are attributed to the phytochemicals in them including: flavonids, alkaloids, steroids, trepenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, saponins among others (Nyamai et al, 2016). These secondary metabolites exert antimicrobial activity through different mechanisms. K. senegalensis is a large meliaceous tree native to the sub-Sahara savannah from Senegal to Uganda, and to some other parts of Africa It is one of the most popular traditional medicines in Africa (Makut et al, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, researchers had used GC-MS to determine the chemistry of the active ingredients of stem bark extracts of K. senegalensis
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