Abstract
In modern cattle breeding, assisted reproductive technologies in small ruminants have been used even out-of-season breeding, but in emerging countries these technologies have been mainly used for estrous synchronization and artificial insemination. However, in the last 30 years, significant progress in the matter of transfers of in vivo derived and in vitro produced embryos has been achieved. Currently, eight donor embryos are obtained by goat, due to the physiological knowledge of the presence of dominant follicles; above alter results recovered embryos (4 embryos / donor). Whereas, the goat has the advantage of presenting a shorter interval between generations compared to cow; this promote more research in in vitro fertilization, and overcome the limitations presented in a traditional embryo transfer. However cloning and transgenesis, are two techniques that will begin to have a commercial application, because goats can be used as bioreactors to produce milk with specific proteins to develop drugs. The objective of this study was to establish and describe in a general way the use of these techniques in goats, to promote their use so as to achieve genetic improvement in goats. Key words: Reproductive technologies, goats, estrous synchronization, embryo transfer.
Highlights
Worldwide, goat population is predominantly distributed in tropical, subtropical and semi-desert rural areas under unfavorable nutritional conditions (Holtz, 2005; Mellado, 2008)
The natural breeding season of breeds exploited in temperate areas is restricted to the beginning of autumn and winter, so mother goats give birth in early spring, which coincides with natural growth of vegetation (Delgadillo et al, 1999; Jackson et al, 2006)
Great part of the success of genetic improvement in goats worldwide has been the use of artificial insemination (AI) in programmes for the upgrading of goats (Ahmed et al, 2011), since this improvement is achieved by using an “improved” buck, it requires the presence of great number of superior bucks to be evaluated, selected and their genetic value must be compared with reference males (Gama and Bressan, 2011; Cseh et al, 2012)
Summary
Status and implementation of reproductive technologies in goats in emerging countries Aime J. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Agronomía, México. In modern cattle breeding, assisted reproductive technologies in small ruminants have been used even out-of-season breeding, but in emerging countries these technologies have been mainly used for estrous synchronization and artificial insemination. In the last 30 years, significant progress in the matter of transfers of in vivo derived and in vitro produced embryos has been achieved. The goat has the advantage of presenting a shorter interval between generations compared to cow; this promote more research in in vitro fertilization, and overcome the limitations presented in a traditional embryo transfer.
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