Abstract
: This study aims to identify the factors associated with blood transfusion in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, and the predominant types of blood products used. Analytical and retrospective study carried out in a large teaching hospital located in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from 460 medical records of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between July 2005 and July 2010. There were 290 (63%) patients received blood transfusions in the intra- and/or postoperative period. The mean age was 57.9 years; 59.6% were male; 74.8% presented with systemic arterial hypertension as a comorbidity; and 97.2% of the surgeries were elective, with myocardial revascularization being the most prevalent type of surgery. In the intraoperative period, 75 (25.9%) patients received blood transfusions, and in the postoperative period 273 (94.1%) patients received blood transfusions, with red blood cell concentrate being the predominant type of blood product used. There was a statistically significant association between postoperative blood transfusion and the variables age group, complications and intraoperative blood transfusion. Blood transfusion remains a frequent procedure in cardiac surgeries, and age group, complications and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent predictors for postoperative blood transfusion.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease has become the primary cause of morbimortality in Brazil
This study aims to identify the factors associated with blood transfusion in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, and the predominant types of blood products used
Many factors can increase the risk of bleeding for these patients, which can result in blood transfusion during or following cardiac surgery (HALL et al, 2001; SOUZA; MOITINHO, 2008;)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease has become the primary cause of morbimortality in Brazil. Cardiac surgery is an option when useful life expectancy is longer with surgical treatment than with clinical treatment (GALDEANO et al, 2012). Given the complexity of this surgical procedure, blood transfusions are often necessary in the perioperative period. Many factors can increase the risk of bleeding for these patients, which can result in blood transfusion during or following cardiac surgery (HALL et al, 2001; SOUZA; MOITINHO, 2008;). It is a common procedure in highly complex surgeries, blood transfusion is not without risk, such as the occurrence of immediate or late transfusion reactions. Researchers have concluded that postoperative blood transfusion for cardiac surgery is associated with atrial fibrillation, stroke and acute renal failure, as well as infection of the respiratory tract, mediastinitis and sepsis (DORNELES et al, 2011)
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