Abstract
The antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris was determined for 40 chickpea rhizobacteria. Twenty eight isolates showed antagonistic activity against test fungus ranging from 18.2 to 41.8%. Characterization of the antagonistic attributes showed that all the antagonistic isolates produced diffusible and volatile antifungal metabolites in terms of growth inhibition, maximum being with the isolates 39P (77.8%) and 15B (64.2%), respectively. Nineteen of the isolates showed catechol and hydroxamate type siderophore production. All the isolates produced ammonia and twelve showed HCN production. On the basis of their antagonistic and PGP functionality traits, five isolates (2B, 7B, 28P, 34P and 38P) were selected for glass house studies on two chickpea varieties (JG-62 and GPF-2). Isolates 28P, 34P and 38P were found to be most promising for wilt control and plant growth promotion. Isolate 38P reduced the wilt incidence to 44.6% which was at par with fungicide treatment (55.5%) and had a significant edge over negative control (85%) in the chickpea variety JG-62. Similar trend of wilt incidence was observed in GPF-2 variety. Green house experiments on two varieties of chickpea JG-62 and GPF-2 showed that seed treatment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) + Mesorhizobia had a synergistic effect in terms of disease control and growth promotion as compared to use of single bioinoculants, thus positively influencing plant microbe interaction. Key words: Antagonism, chickpea, Fusarium, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Rhizobium.
Highlights
IntroductionL.) cultivation throughout the world and especially in Indian subcontinent where chickpea is a commonly grown pulse crop
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.ciceris is a major constraint to chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) cultivation throughout the world and especially in Indian subcontinent where chickpea is a commonly grown pulse crop
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are an heterogeneous group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere at root surfaces and in association with roots which can improve the extent or quality of plant growth directly or indirectly (Joseph et al, 2007; Datta et al, 2011)
Summary
L.) cultivation throughout the world and especially in Indian subcontinent where chickpea is a commonly grown pulse crop. It occupies an area of 8 million hectare and its production is 7.1 million tons (Nikamet al., 2011). Despite the high total production, yields of chickpea are low due to attack of different diseases including fusarial wilts which can cause up to. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been proved as biocontrol agents of soil borne plant pathogens, offer an attractive alternative to chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are an heterogeneous group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere at root surfaces and in association with roots which can improve the extent or quality of plant growth directly or indirectly (Joseph et al, 2007; Datta et al., 2011).
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