Abstract
Amphimas pterocarpoides is used traditionally for the treatment of oedema, infections, malaria and skin diseases. This study described pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of the leaf and stem bark. The carrageenan-induced foot oedema and the baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities respectively. The leaf of A. pterocarpoides is oddly pinnate compound, oblong in shape with acuminate apex and obtuse base. The stem bark is scaly and rugged and exudes a reddish resin when bruised. Leaf microscopy displayed wavy-walled epidermal cells, paracytic stomata, glandular and clothing trichomes, bean-shaped lignified vascular bundle, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. The leaf (APL) and stem bark (APSB) extracts (30-300 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited foot oedema in chicks with maximum percentage inhibition of 76.65 ± 6.27% and 77.04 ± 2.53% respectively [ED50 = 225.3± 31.52 mg/kg (APL) and 178.9 ± 29.57 mg/kg (APSB)]. APL, APSB and paracetamol also showed significant antipyretic activity [ED50 = 70.95 ± 9.24 mg/kg (APL), 27.02 ± 1.96 mg/kg (APSB), 32.47 ± 3.03 mg/kg (Paracetamol)]. Tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, triterpenoids and coumarins were identified in A. pterocarpoides. This study has provided essential diagnostic characteristics for the quality control of A. pterocarpoides and justified its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Key words: Pharmacognosy, carrageenan, Amphimas pterocarpoides, pyrexia, inflammation.
Highlights
Amphimas pterocarpoides is a deciduous forest tree known for numerous medicinal uses in Africa
The leaf of A. pterocarpoides is petiolated, oddly pinnate compound with averagely 11 to 15 leaflets arranged in a sub-opposite manner on a rachis
Various physicochemical parameters including the total, water soluble and acid insoluble ash contents, solvent extractives as well as the pH of edible extracts were determined and the results presented on Table 4
Summary
Amphimas pterocarpoides is a deciduous forest tree known for numerous medicinal uses in Africa. Milicia excelsa wood is considered a suitable substitute for the wood A. pterocarpoides (Tchinda and Tané, 2008) This trend is unacceptable, dangerous and can lead to un-reproducible therapeutic effect when using the plant material for medicinal purposes. In facing this challenge, this study was set out to provide useful diagnostic features for the correct identification and quality control of A. pterocarpoides. This study was set out to provide useful diagnostic features for the correct identification and quality control of A. pterocarpoides If correctly applied, these parameters will ensure the efficacy and safety of herbal products prepared from the plant and in the end contribute to protecting and improving the health and wellbeing of patrons (Dangar and Patel, 2018; Chanda, 2014)
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