Abstract
The antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from three different sampling sites of the Gomti River at Lucknow city was evaluated. Water samples were collected and then analyzed for the presence of E. coli, using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. Of the 77 E. coli isolates tested, marked antibiotic resistances (over 70%) were observed for amoxicillin, nitrofurozone, chloramphenicol, polymixin B, methicilin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, cefpodoxime, erythromycin, penicillin, rifampicin and ofloxacin depending upon the sampling sites. All E. coli isolates also showed multiple resistance patterns in different combination of antibiotics. The MAR index ranges were found very high indicating the high risk of environmental contamination. The findings indicated that pollution of aquatic environments from different sources of the city may have a potential impact on the dissemination and survival of E. coli, as well as other pathogenic bacteria in the Gomti River water for public and animal health. This may result to a negative effect on antibiotic therapy for infectious diseases. Key words: Gomti River, coliforms, antibiotic susceptibility, multiple antibiotic resistance (M.A.R).
Highlights
Many antibiotics have been used in the last several years in medical, veterinary, agriculture and aquaculture practices (Alpay-Karaoglu et al, 2007)
Of the 77 E. coli isolates tested, marked antibiotic resistances were observed for amoxicillin, nitrofurozone, chloramphenicol, polymixin B, methicilin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, cefpodoxime, erythromycin, penicillin, rifampicin and ofloxacin depending upon the sampling sites
The findings indicated that pollution of aquatic environments from different sources of the city may have a potential impact on the dissemination and survival of E. coli, as well as other pathogenic bacteria in the Gomti River water for public and animal health
Summary
Many antibiotics have been used in the last several years in medical, veterinary, agriculture and aquaculture practices (Alpay-Karaoglu et al, 2007). There has been a growing interest in the presence of different pharmaceutical substances, mainly antibiotics in the aquatic environment (Vulliet and Cren-Olive, 2011). Bacterial resistance to antibiotics in the aquatic environment has received comparatively little attention. Bacterial contamination of surface water, contaminated with faecally derived bacteria, has long been a water quality issue due to the potential for disease transmission. Because of this and the potential for antibiotic resistance, there is a new level of risk associated with these bacteria. Recent studies have identified antibiotics themselves in surface waters (Batt et al, 2006) and the role of these antibiotics in the development, transfer and maintenance of resistance is largely unknown. The number of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the environment increases exponentially with the use of Abbreviations: MAR, Multiple antibiotic resistance; AMR, antimicrobial-resistant; IMViC tests, indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer and citrate utilization tests
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