Abstract
Cassia siamea Lam (Fabaceae), widely used in tropical countries for its nutritional and pharmacological properties, has been toxicologically evaluated. Oral administration of aqueous (CSE4) and ethanol (CSE3) Cassia siamea stem bark extracts did not show mortality up to 3000 mg/kg in albinos Wistar rats. LD 50 of petroleum ether (CSE1) and dichloromethane (CSE2) extracts were estimated at 1300 and 1275 mg/kg respectively. None of the extracts has cytotoxicity activity on KB and Vero cell lines. There were no differences in body weight and macroscopic examinations. Haematocrit, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and Asparatate Amino Transferase (AST) parameters did not show difference of levels. Contrariwise, a significant increase in animal weight and blood glucose were observed in animals treated group. This increase can be explained by the presence of polysaccharides and phytosterols (stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol) in this plant. The lyophilised aqueous extract keeps its analgesic property for over two years. Key words: Cassia siamea, stem bark extracts, cytoxicity, subchronic toxicity, pharmacological stability, analgesic activity.
Highlights
Cassia siamea Lam (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in Asia, Africa, Australia and South
This study aims to assess the cytotoxicity, the acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of C. siamea stem bark, and the stability of the lyophilised aqueous extract
There is no toxicity of aqueous extract (CSE4) affecting the weight of noble organs: heart, kidney, liver, pancreas and brain
Summary
Cassia siamea Lam (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in Asia, Africa, Australia and SouthAmerica (Kusamran et al, 1998; Sanon et al, 2003; Koyama et al, 2001). Antiplasmodial, analgesic and antiinflammatory activities have been validated by pharmacological studies (Gbeassor et al, 1989; Nsonde et al, 2005; Mbatchi et al, 2006), as well as antioxidant and antihypertensive activities (Kaur et al, 2006), laxative activity (Elujoba et al, 1989) and sedative activity (Thongsaard et al, 1996; Sukma et al, 2002), antibacterial activity (Lee et al, 2014) and hepatoprotective (Kannampalli et al, 2005; 2007) It was recently reported insecticide activity of Cassia siamea extracts and pures compounds (Kamara et al, 2011; Mamadou et al, 2014)
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