Abstract
Faced with the increasing growth of microorganism’s resistance to conventional antibiotics, the search of new bioactive molecules having pharmaceutical interest is more than ever committed. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of seven mouthwashes formulated from essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Clausena anisata, Lippia multifora, Eugenia caryophyllata or Mentha piperita against five oral germs (Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 24974, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans IP 4872). The antimicrobial power of different mouthwashes was evaluated through the determination of their minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations by microdilution method. All mouthwashes had an inhibitory and bactericidal effect against the studied germs. Their minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration varied according to the type of germ (from 0.125 to 1 μg/ml). The mouthwashes formulated from essential oils of O. basilicum and C. citratus were the most effective against all germs. They were followed by mouthwashes formulated from essential oils of O. gratissimum and C. anisata. Key words: Medicinal plants, essential oils, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, Mouthwash.
Highlights
The oral diseases appear among the most common diseases in the world because of their prevalence and their high impact
The antimicrobial activity of mouthwashes formulated from essential oils of O. gratissimum, O. basilicum, C. citratus, C. anisata, L. multiflora, E. caryophyllata and M. piperita tested in vitro against two Gram positive bacteria (M. luteus, S. aureus), two Gram negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis) and one yeast (C. albicans) revealed interesting results
The mouthwashes formulated from essential oils of O. basilicum and C. citratus were most effective against P. aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25 μg/ml
Summary
The oral diseases appear among the most common diseases in the world because of their prevalence and their high impact. The dental caries and periodontal diseases induce the progressive destruction of oral tissues, which may have the repercussions on their functions (phonation, mastication and swallowing) (Wheater et al, 2004) and on aesthetics and relationship skills of patients. These oral diseases are caused by some microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) of oral cavity and dental plaque. A large number of microorganisms coexist in the very complex oral environment (Peluchonneau, 2011). These microorganisms found in this medium, require nutrients for metabolism from food debris, desquamated cells and some saliva constituents
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