Abstract
This study was conducted at Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq during the period of 2015 to 2016. In the present work, we used NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to induced abiotic stress in vitro. Results show that high shoot numbers (24) were produced on MS (solid) medium enriched with 0.8 g/L NaCl in addition to cytokinins while, inclusion of drought agent PEG to proliferation medium (solid and liquid) produced a minimum shoots of 5 and 11 respectively. Root growth and development were also investigated in this study. It was found that high root development was observed on MS (solid or liquid) medium free of hormone (control) and MS (solid or liquid) medium containing 0.8 g/L NaCl 26.67, 25, 21.67 and 18 respectively whereas, less root development was obtained on MS medium (solid or liquid) enriched with NaCl and 26 g/L PEG. In this study it was found that inclusion of the amino acid proline to the stressed media did not improve the growth of shoots or roots. Histological analysis of multiplied shoots under abiotic stress agents showed accumulation of insoluble starch granules in the parenchyma cells of the cortex layer and this may be a part of protective tolerate mechanism used by medicinal hyssop (Bacopa monnieri) against abiotic stress. Key words: Bacopa monnieri, medicinal hyssop, Brbin, micropropagation, salt stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG), proline.
Highlights
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst a water hyssop, known as Brahmi, or Brbin belonging to the family Plantaginaceae is widely distributed in warmer parts of Asia, Australia, and America
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of salinity (NaCl) and drought agent polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on morphogenetic potential and histological aspect of in vitro grown shoots of Bacopa monnieri. (L.) Wettst
Results revealed that combined polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the culture media decreased the roots numbers to 10 and 7.67 respectively. This finding is in agreement with those of Said et al (2015) who found that root growth parameters markedly decreased in Banana plantlet cultured in vitro when PEG was included in the media
Summary
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst a water hyssop, known as Brahmi, or Brbin belonging to the family Plantaginaceae is widely distributed in warmer parts of Asia, Australia, and America. It is an important medicinal plant used in the Ayurvedic system for centuries. In India and Pakistan this plant has been used as a cardiac tonic, digestive aid and improves the respiratory system (Bammidi et al, 2011; Charoenphon et al, 2016). It used in medical therapy for insomnia, asthma, hoarseness, snake bite, rheumatism, leprosy, eczema, water retention, blood cleaning and insanity (Banerjee and Modi, 2010)
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