Abstract
Aim: Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) is one of most dreaded diseases today. This study aims at the determination of electrolyte profile (Na+ , K+ , Cland HCO3 - ), urea levels and CD4 count of patients diagnosed with HIV infection in Ekpoma, Nigeria. Methods: Sixty patients and 40 apparently healthy individuals as controls were examined from January 2013- September 2014. Electrolytes were assayed using flame photometry and titration method for Na+ , K+ , Cl- and HCO3 - respectively. Urea was determined using Urease-berthlot method and CD4 count by partec cyflow counter. Results: The mean values of K+ ; 3.59±0.43, Na+ ; 133.48±3.79, HCO3 - ; 23.44±3.78, and CD4 count; 502.77±317.74 were decreased and showed a significant difference (p 0.05) when compared to the control; 20.87±6.49 while that of Cl; 100.08±1.93 was decreased but showed no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the control; 100.55±2.01. Conclusion: This study has shown that decreased K+ , Na+ , Cl, HCO3 - , CD4 count and raised urea level may be a valuable index in the diagnosis and monitoring of HIV infected patients. Keywords: Serum urea, Electrolytes, HIV, Infection
Highlights
Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) has been the leading cause of death among young adults and has a devastating impact on people in developing countries (Horowitz et al, 1998)
Results obtained from this study showed a statistically significant difference (p
This is in consonance with the findings of Ansger (2007), Ross and Klothman (2004) who observed that HIV infection may present as fluid electrolytes and acid-base abnormalities, acute renal failure, glomerulopathy directly related to underlining HIV infection at different stages
Summary
Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) has been the leading cause of death among young adults and has a devastating impact on people in developing countries (Horowitz et al, 1998). Previous reports indicate that renal disease is becoming increasingly prevalent in HIVinfected patients (Roling et al, 2006). There was an early observation of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and renal failure associated with HIV infection (Roa, 1998). Kidney disease is widely recognized as a frequent complication of HIV infection (Gupta et al, 2005). The Kidney is a relatively small bean shaped organ that perform many important functions like cleaning wastes from blood, managing fluid in the body, controlling blood pressure, making red blood cells, balancing acidity and mineral composition. Renal disorders are encountered at all stages of HIV infection, and they range from the fluid and electrolyte imbalances commonly seen in hospitalized patients to end- stage renal disease (Okuonghae et al, 2011). Acute renal failure, which is common among hospital patients with HIV is associated with chronic
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