English

Khan Zinobia,Taweesdt Pahnwat,Siegel Robert,Rath Manaswenne,Freeman Jon,Kumar Dinesh,Bachan Moses,Lund Stephen

doi:10.5897/ijmms2018.1392

English

Khan Zinobia, Taweesdt Pahnwat + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5897/ijmms2018.1392

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Abstract

Limited studies have examined arousal perception in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or other sleep disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect patients’ arousal and total sleep time perception. This is a retrospective study of 210 subjects divided into 5 groups: Primary insomnia; upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS)/primary snoring; mild, moderate and severe OSA. Perceived arousals were compared to objectively defined arousals. The subjects’ age, body mass index (BMI), total sleep time (TST), perceived TST, sleep efficiency, stage shifts, rapid eye movement (REM) and delta time were compared. UARS/primary snoring group had significantly higher perceived arousal relative to arousal events and shorter total arousal duration than in primary insomnia and all OSA groups. There was a significant linear increase in total arousals and respiratory arousal as OSA severity increased. The number of perceived arousal events was negatively correlated with perception of TST. There was a trend for the insomnia group to have more perceived non-respiratory arousals compared with all OSA groups. Although subjects with UARS/primary snoring had the lowest total arousals, they perceived the highest arousals. The non-respiratory related arousals are probably perceived differently from respiratory arousal related perception. For the insomnia group to have more arousals not driven by respiratory events suggests that insomnia may be better defined as a disorder by being driven to arousals rather than apneas, who are aroused despite being driven towards sleep. Key words: Arousal perception, arousal misperception, insomnia, primary snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, sleep&nbsp

Highlights

Arousal misperception is the state of wakefulness with no objective sleep disturbances (Harvey and Tang, 2012)
The objective of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect subjects’ perception of arousals and total sleep time in 5 groups: 1) primary insomnia, 2) upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS)/primary snoring 3) mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 4) moderate OSA and 5) severe OSA
Participants were divided into 5 groups based on their sleep disorder type: 1) Primary Insomnia (n = 6), 2)

Summary

Introduction

Arousal misperception (as referred to misperception of sleep) is the state of wakefulness with no objective sleep disturbances (Harvey and Tang, 2012). It is defined as a perceived total sleep time (TST) that is less than 80% of objective TST demonstrated in polysomnography (PSG) (Laranjeira et al, 2018). The misperception of TST was defined as abnormal if it was 2 or more standard deviation from the mean for each group studied (Khan et al, 2009). Misperception can be differentiated by each sleep state such as wake after sleep onset, wake after sleep onset (WASO) or sleep onset latency (SOL) (Hermans et al, 2019). Self-report sleep quality, which mainly depends on clinical history, may be inconsistent with objective finding.

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