Abstract
In this study, cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were cooked using soda and soda-anthraquinone (AQ) process. Nine soda cooks were conducted by changing cooking conditions including active alkali charge and pulping time. Soda-AQ cooks were obtained by adding 0.075, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2% AQ (based on o.d stalks) to optimum soda pulping. Adding AQ to soda pulps led to the increase in regarding to pulp yield and kappa numbers. On the other hand, soda-AQ pulps made from cotton stalks showed higher mechanical properties than soda pulps. The results indicated a major increase in pulp brightness when soda pulping was modified with %0.15 AQ. Also, the results showed that better pulp and paper can be produced from cotton stalks by soda-AQ process compared to the soda process. Key words: Alkaline pulping, anthraquinone, cotton stalks, delignification, mechanical properties, yield.
Highlights
Fiber crops have begun to receive considerable attention in the last 10-15 years in forest industry to alleviate the shortage in wood raw material mostly because they are renewable resources
The holocellulose content value of cotton stalks is close to other non wood fiber resources, cotton stalks contain high lignin and -cellulose content
Pulps produced from cotton stalks showed that cotton stalk fibers could be an alternative raw material for pulp and paper industry
Summary
Fiber crops have begun to receive considerable attention in the last 10-15 years in forest industry to alleviate the shortage in wood raw material mostly because they are renewable resources. Using non-wood raw materials for pulp and paper industry has a long history. The production of this type of pulp has increased more rapidly and today, several nonwood fiber resources are commercially utilized to manufacture chemical pulp and paper products, by a factor of two in Latin America and three in Africa and Middle East (Casey, 1990). Several studies examined the viability of substituting wood based materials with crops residues from annual plants; such as rye straw (Usta, 1985), cereal straw (Wong, 1995), wheat straw (Moore, 1996), okra stalks (Atik, 2002) and licorice (Copur et al, 2007) to produce pulp and paper. Estimated cotton stalks remaining in the field is around 980,000 MT (Kirci et al, 1997)
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