Abstract
The over exploitation of Nauclea diderrichii, for its very resistant wood against the attacks of fungus (Coriolus versicolor), Lyctus, termites (Reticulitermes santonensis) and marine borers, leads to its disappearance in Togo. This forest species produces many fruits containing numerous seeds; unfortunately their seedling is laborious in its biotope. In vitro micropropagation trials were carried out for a faster and massive regeneration. The effect of carbon source on the rooting and the growth of seedlings were studied in the presence of sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, maltose, galactose, mannose, lactose, sorbose and sorbitol. Woody plant medium (WPM) of Lloyd and McCown has been used. This medium was modified by supply of microelements and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog and supplemented by 30 g/L of these carbohydrates. The best plants’ growth and rooting were obtained with sucrose. Sucrose appears to be the most favorable sugar to ensure the in vitro micropropagation of N. diderrichii. Sorbose caused the necrosis of explants in culture. The mannose and the mannitol, did not cause the necrosis of explants, but their presence had an unfavorable role on roots initiation and slow down the plants’ growth. Key words: Sources of carbon, Nauclea diderrichii, in vitro micropropagation, Togo.
Highlights
The composition of the culture medium determines the in vitro growth of plants
The effect of carbon source on the rooting and the growth of seedlings were studied in the presence of sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, maltose, galactose, mannose, lactose, sorbose and sorbitol
65% of explants sprouted, and no late evolution appeared except signs of necrosis
Summary
The composition of the culture medium determines the in vitro growth of plants. Sugar in culture medium has been considered the sole carbon source for the growth of cells, buds, shoots, and even plantlets (Gauchan, 2012). Main components of most plant tissue culture media are mineral salts and sugar as carbon source and water (Gamborg and Phillips, 1995). Sugar is a very important component in medium and its addition is essential for in vitro growth and development of plants because photosynthesis is insufficient, due to the weak development of their leaves, the limited gas exchange and the high relative humidity (Pierik, 1987; Kozai, 1991; Mazinga et al, 2014). Despite the abundance of fruits produced by trees every year, the regeneration by seed is very low. In Togo, the overexploitation and lack of this species reforestation leads to its disappearance, as a result this species is classifies on list of the rare species (UNEP, 2010)
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