Abstract
Triticale is an important cereal crop grown throughout the world. The study reports somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of 5 Turkish triticale genotypes. The explants were initially cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg dm-3 2,4-D, 500 mg dm-3 glutamine, 100 mg dm-3casein hydrolysate, 2% sucrose and 7% agar for two weeks in the dark. The temperature was maintained at 24±2ºC. Thereafter, the developing embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium without 2,4-D to achieve embryogenesis under light intensity of 30 000 lux in 16 h light 8 h dark photoperiod at 24±2ºC for 2 weeks. The developing somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium to mature them and obtain plantlets. The highest number of 9.63 somatic embryos per explant were recorded for genotype LAD388 from 14 - 16 days old explants. The experiment clearly established that 14 - 16 days old explants were superior compared to 17 - 19 days old explants in terms of number of somatic embryos per explant. The matured plantlets were acclimatised in the greenhouse on organic matter rich soil mix contained in pots. Key words: Triticale, immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryogenesis, age.
Highlights
Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic amphiploid cereal that grows on about 3 million hectares in the world (FAO, 2007)
In vitro culture response of somatic embryogenesis in plants is mainly dependent on genetic, developmental, environmental factors (Evans et al, 1981; Sears and Deckard, 1982; Tuberosa et al, 1982; Mathias and Simpson 1986), the explant (Redway et al, 1990), genome interaction and ploidy levels (Nakamura and Keller, 1982; Eapen and Rao, 1985; Stolarz and Lörz, 1991; Stolarz, 1991; and Barro et al, 1999)
This protocol approves these findings in triticale and clearly shows that genetic and developmental factors like age of explant have clear implications on the somatic embryogenesis in triticale
Summary
Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic amphiploid cereal that grows on about 3 million hectares in the world (FAO, 2007). Triticale can more or less resemble either of its parents. It is grown mostly for forage or animal feed some triticale-based foods can be purchased at health food stores or are found in some breakfast cereals (Stallknech et al, 1996). The responses of cereals including rice and maize to tissue culture have been extensively studied over the years. Cereals such as wheat, barley, oat, rye and triticale are relatively recalcit- rant. There are relatively few reports on in vitro tissue culture of triticale from mature or immature zygotic
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