Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms are threats to public health due to its related increasing rates of morbidity and mortality in the world. Routine disinfection practices do not eliminate many of these resistant species and may contribute to the development in their resistance. Therefore, the current study evaluates the effectiveness of some popular detergents labelled as antibacterial and available at local market. Fifteen different brands of detergents were tested against thirteen American-type culture collection (ATCC) strains; five species related to Gram-positive bacteria, eight species to Gram-negative bacteria and three clinical isolates, (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by measuring their efficacy by agar well diffusion technique and contact time assay. Dilution levels of detergents exhibited different zones of inhibition against the tested bacterial strains. The initial dilutions of detergents (DAC, SUNOVA, CLOROX, Drummer, GENTO, Dettol with pine, Dettol, Clorox Original, EMLAG and 3 M) showed inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm to >40 mm on Gram positive bacteria. Dettol, Clorox Original, EMLAG and 3 M showed inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 20 mm on limited numbers of Gram-negative bacteria at the first dilutions of detergents. The results showed that, Dettol, Clorox and 3 M were the strongest detergents compared to the other detergents included in this study. A contact-time assay showed a positive relationship between exposure time and efficacy of detergent against the tested bacterial strains. Key words: Detergents, multidrug-resistant microorganisms, nosocomial infection, Makkah.
Highlights
The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of some common brands of detergents sold in Makkah, Saudi Arabia used in hospital disinfection against pathogenic bacteria which cause infection among patients, as well as determine the required time to eliminate these pathogens by disinfectants
The efficacy of detergents against pathogenic microorganisms is an important factor for controlling the spread of microbial infections and disease transmission
Most of the recommended dilutions of detergents included in this study were effective against all bacterial strains tested
Summary
Disinfectant is chemical or physical agent that destroys pathogenic microorganisms but might not kill microbial spores and the disinfection process was defined by the British Institute as reducing the levels of harmful organisms to harmless while not killing all microorganisms (Thomas et al, 2005). Multidrugresistant bacteria are the major cause of nosocomial infections (NI), these infections are a public health issue throughout the world (Wellington et al, 2013; Savard et al, 2013). These organisms can be transmitted from the hospital environment and health care workers to patients ;. Some studies have concluded that daily disinfection of medical equipment that used by patients and their accommodation places by effective disinfectants limits the levels of contamination by these organisms (Boyce, 2007; Theraud et al, 2004; John, 2016)
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