Abstract
Sandy soils of 19 arable fields were analyzed for disease suppressiveness against root rot disease of cassava, caused by Fusarium solani CFF109. Analysis of chemical, physical, biochemical, microbial population and activity, and soil characteristics were assessed. Soils with different management histories and covers most commonly found in the region were collected to build a greenhouse experiment, to evaluate the natural suppressiveness of soils against cassava root rot. The severity was submitted with all data across correlation and multivariate analyses to find correlation between disease suppressiveness and abiotic or biotic soils attributes. Differences in disease suppressiveness were found between the treatments for cassava root rot. Significant disease suppression was found in 37% of the soils. The sandy soil covered with consortium of Zea mays + Vigna unguiculata was the most efficient in suppressiveness against disease caused by F. solani. The data indicated significant correlation between soil characteristics and suppressiveness cassava root rot. The soil supressiveness against cassava root rot was favored by increase by total bacteria, fluorescent group bacteria populations and activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase. Key words: Disease suppression, soil characteristics, enzyme activity, soil communities, abiotic factor, biotic factor.
Highlights
Manihot esculenta Crantz, popularly known as „cassava‟ is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Manihot (Nassar et al, 2008)
The diversity and quantity increase of microorganisms acting in soil suppressiveness against cassava root rot demonstrates a poor competitive ability of the causal agent of this disease, F. solani CFF109
We found a significant correlation between cassava root rot suppression in natural sandy soils and the activity of three enzymes: ALPH, ACPH and BGLU that should be used as a new mode of evaluation of cassava root rot suppression
Summary
Manihot esculenta Crantz, popularly known as „cassava‟ is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Manihot (Nassar et al, 2008). It is a perennial shrub cultivated in many continents as an important food source, because cassava roots are high in calories and is one of the largest producers of carbohydrates (Adeoti, 2010), it is the fourth most consumed source of carbohydrates in the tropics, and have high starch making it the staple food for over 500 million people (Tonukari, 2004). The higher demand for cassava has made producing countries to increase their areas of planting (Adeoti, 2010).
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