Abstract
This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model. The aim was to establish the optimum growth conditions that warrant the optimum antimicrobial activities in the product. The antimicrobial activities were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27844, S. aureus MR 825), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 700728, Salmonella typhi R 30951401, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 35657), as well as against yeast (Candida albicans MHMR), using agar disc diffusion method. Also, the growth of viable cells and physicochemical parameters during the propagation were monitored. The results showed that the pH and dry matter content of the probiotic ingredient decrease significantly (p˂0.05) during the propagation whereas the lactic acid, the titratable acidity, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and moulds counts increase significantly (p˂0.05). From 0 to 12 h, the product failed to inhibit the growth of all indicator strains. From 24 h and onward, the probiotic career inhibited all indicator strains except for K. pneumoniae (ATCC 35657) which could not be inhibited. Clearly, our study showed that 36 h of the propagation were sufficient to generate a probiotic ingredient with optimum antimicrobial activities. Key words: Probiotic, antibiotic, opaque beer, antimicrobial activity.
Highlights
The use of antibiotics for diseases prevention or healing and as growth factors in animals feeding contributed to the development of breeding through health improvement and zootechnic performances of animals
This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities of a multi-species probiotic ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer during its propagation in a starchy career model
The antimicrobial activities were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27844, S. aureus MR 825), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 700728, Salmonella typhi R 30951401, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 35657), as well as against yeast (Candida albicans MHMR), using agar disc diffusion method
Summary
The use of antibiotics for diseases prevention or healing and as growth factors in animals feeding contributed to the development of breeding through health improvement and zootechnic performances of animals. Tonnes of antibiotics have been distributed in the biosphere during an antibiotic era of only about 60 years duration (Balcázar et al, 2006). These amounts of antibiotics have favored a strong selection among microorganisms, which developed resistance to these antibiotic chemicals, mainly by a horizontal and promiscuous flow of resistance genes (Aarestrup et al, 2000; Randall et al, 2003; SCAN, 2003 Currently, the potential for agricultural antibiotics to contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of human concern is the subject of intense debate and research (Wegener et al, 1999).
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