Abstract
Little is known about how cropping systems influence soil quality and fertility in Uganda. Some cropping systems are more valued and as a result are given more nutrients and planted in certain soils, all of which leads to varying soil quality and fertility. This study compared soil quality (soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), electric conductivity (EC), total N, and depth to restrictive layer (DRL)) and fertility (extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na, and base saturation (BS) from five cropping systems (banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.)-dominant (B), coffee [Coffea robusta (L.) Linden]-dominant (C), banana-coffee (BC), annual with no crop rotation (ANR), and annual with crop rotation (AR); fertilized and unfertilized soils; and three soil types (black (Phaeozem), red (Ferralsol), and black-stony) in south-central Uganda. The analysis included farm assessments to establish management history of studied fields and soil sampling from 52 fields in Masaka District, Uganda. Main-effects ANOVA was employed to determine differences in means in soil under different cropping systems, soil types, and fertilizer use. Soil quality (pH at depths of 0 to 10 and 20 to 30 cm, CEC, and EC) and fertility (extractable Ca and Mg) varied by cropping system. The AR and B systems had higher soil quality and fertility compared to other cropping systems. Soil quality (pH at depths of 0 to 10 and 0 to 15 cm and DRL) and soil fertility (extractable P and K) varied by soil type. Black and black-stony soils had higher soil quality and fertility than red soils. Soil quality and fertility did not vary by fertilizer use. The results of this study indicate that both cropping system and soil type are associated with soil quality and fertility in south-central Uganda. Key words: Annual cropping, perennial cropping, soil management, soil types.
Highlights
East African soils exhibit poor quality characteristics that are attributable to their geological age, climate, and land use
Soil pH at depths 0 to 10 cm cm, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and 20 to 30 electrical conductivity (EC) are varied by cropping system (Table 1)
Soil pH at depths of 0 to 10 cm and 20 to 30 cm, CEC, and EC varied by cropping system
Summary
East African soils exhibit poor quality characteristics that are attributable to their geological age, climate, and land use. In Uganda, the most common soil type is Ferralsol (FAO, 2009), which is depleted in nutrients, highly weathered and comparatively infertile soil. The fertility of East African soils is further degraded by anthropogenic. Agricultural use changes soil properties through cropping and soil management. In Uganda, cropping systems are characterized by intercropping annual and perennial crops. The two most common crops in southcentral Uganda are Robusta coffee [Coffea robusta (L.) Linden] and banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.), both of which are perennial and often intercropped (Okonya et al, 2013). The dynamics between cropping systems, soil management, and soil types need to be studied to better understand their influence on soil quality and fertility
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