Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of cranberry extracts and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil (CHB) effect on rats' fertility. Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into eight equal groups as the following; normal control, rats injected orally with 0.2 mg/kg of CHB for 14 days, rats injected orally with 100 mg/kg of cranberry extract (CB) for ten days, rats intravenously injected with bone marrow cells (BMC) through tail vain, rats protected with both CB and BMC, rats treated with CHB+CB, rats treated with CHB+BMC and rats treated with CHB+BMC+CB. Genotoxicity were evaluated by counting and comparing the value of sperm abnormalities and normal sperm count. Results show that rats injected with CHB had remarkable increase in sperm head abnormalities as without hook, banana shape and hummer shape. Admission of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells after chemotherapy improved the frequency of the sperm abnormalities. Key words: Chlorambucil, cranberry, bone marrow, sperm.
Highlights
Chlorambucil (CHB) is a potent chemotherapy bifunctional alkylation agent which is commonly known as Leukeran and known chemically by IUPAC system as 4-[p-[bis (2chloroethyl) amino] phenyl] butyric acid (Evert et al, 1953)
Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into eight equal groups as the following; normal control, rats injected orally with 0.2 mg/kg of CHB for 14 days, rats injected orally with 100 mg/kg of cranberry extract (CB) for ten days, rats intravenously injected with bone marrow cells (BMC) through tail vain, rats protected with both CB and BMC, rats treated with CHB+CB, rats treated with CHB+BMC and rats treated with CHB+BMC+CB
Bone marrow transplantation is considered as an effective method in the treatment of different diseases like leukemia (Gratwohl et al, 2006), accelerate wound healing in diabetic rats (Mcfarlin et al, 2006), and it is used after a high dose of radiation or chemotherapy to help the body recover from the damaging effects of chemotherapy
Summary
Chlorambucil (CHB) is a potent chemotherapy bifunctional alkylation agent which is commonly known as Leukeran and known chemically by IUPAC system as 4-[p-[bis (2chloroethyl) amino] phenyl] butyric acid (Evert et al, 1953). CHB is used as treatment for chronic lymphatic leukemia and other clinical applications such as Hodking's and non-Hodking's lymphoma (Wohrer et al, 2005). It has a high therapeutic activity, CHB is a potential human carcinogen with increasing risk towards the development of secondary cancer in patients (Neugut and Ulpric, 2008). CHB has damaging effects on gonads by causing temporary azospermia and damage on the Leydig cells of male testis It causes a malfunction in t h e reproductive system as well as permanent azospermia when the drug has been taken for long periods or in high doses (De Vita et al, 2001). Bone marrow transplantation is considered as an effective method in the treatment of different diseases like leukemia (Gratwohl et al, 2006), accelerate wound healing in diabetic rats (Mcfarlin et al, 2006), and it is used after a high dose of radiation or chemotherapy to help the body recover from the damaging effects of chemotherapy
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