Abstract
Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. belongs to the family Polygonaceae. In Brazil, the plant is known as Pajeu. The plant has a traditional use in folk medicine for the treatment of some human diseases. In this study, it was realized for first time, the extraction and characterization by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the fixed oils from the leaves and seeds of T. gardneriana collected at different times and it was evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The esters were identified by comparing the mass spectra obtained with those of the equipment database. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods of radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and co-oxidation of β-carotene against linoleic acid. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by the microdilution broth method. In the fixed oil of the leaves were identified 22 compounds, totaling 61.53%. Methyl palmitate (15.14%) and methyl oleate (14.35%) were the majoritary compounds. For the sample of the seeds fixed oil, 13 compounds were identified, representing 97.81%. Among these, 10-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (45.53%) was identified as majoritary constituent. The oils do not show antioxidant activity, but showed moderate antibacterial activity. The fatty acid composition of the fixed oils showed differences, noting a greater variety of constituents in the leaf oil. The presence of these compounds in the studied plant is important phytochemically because it contributes to the chemical and pharmacological knowledge of this specie. Key words: Polygonaceae, Triplaris gardneriana, fixed oils, esters, Caatinga, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity.
Highlights
The Polygonaceae family comprises 51 genera and about 1100 species, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions
It was realized for first time, the extraction and characterization by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the fixed oils from the leaves and seeds of T. gardneriana collected at different times and it was evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities
The product obtained from the transesterification is showed in GC-MS analysis total ion chromatogram (TIC) in Figure 1, in which one observes the presence of 38 peaks in the chromatogram of the leaves and 15 peaks in the chromatogram seeds (Figure 2), whose comparison with the corresponding spectra of the device library allowed the identification of 22 constituents of the fixed oil of leaves totaling 61.53% (Table 1) and 13 constituents of the fixed oil from the seeds representing 97.81% (Table 2)
Summary
The Polygonaceae family comprises 51 genera and about 1100 species, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions. Phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lactones, lignans, quinoid, tannins, terpenoids, and xanthones. In Brazil, seven genera are of spontaneous occurrence, among them is Triplaris, which comprises approximately 20 species in South and Central America (Oliveira et al, 2008)
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