Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are extensively used metal in cosmetics, sunscreens, food products, paints and drugs, producing oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. This study aimed to improve the overall (TiO2NP) use and decrease its related health hazards through the following objective among albino rates: To assess the TiO2NPs oral administration pulmonary induced toxic effect and to study the beneficial role of Idebenone as a novel agent protecting the human body against this toxic effect. An experimental trial conducted on 75 adult albino rats of both sex, rats were classified into; Group I, II: Negative, positive controls. Group III: Rats gavaged orally with 200 mg/kg b.w. Idebenone. Group IV: Rats received 250 mg/kg b.w. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Group V: Rats gavaged orally with Idebenone then Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with previous doses. The blood samples were withdrawn for estimating nitric oxide, reduced glutathione levels. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected for estimating oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). Then histological examination and Comet assay from the lung tissues were done. The collected data were coded and analyzed using the suitable tests by the SPSS program. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly decreased and increased in values of blood reduced glutathione and nitric oxide, respectively. In addition, it caused significant increase broncho-alveolar lavage fluid oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines with marked histo-pathological changes in the lung cells were observed with DNA damage. Upon supplementation of Idebenone with titanium dioxide nanoparticles produced normalization of the oxidative stress markers and partial protection of pulmonary histological changes with moderate protective effects against DNA damage. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure causes toxic effects on the lung and administration of Idebenone offers protection against its damaging effects. Key words: Idebenon, nanotoxicity, titanium dioxide.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonest (Ti) compound (Robert, 2013), formed from (Ti) natural oxidization, and founded in four polymorphs: anatase, rutile, brookite, and TiO2 (B) (Vittoriadiamanti, 2013)
Least significant test revealed significant increase in unit tail moment in both TiO2NPs and TiO2NPs+ idebenone groups when compared with control group (p0.05) . (Figure 3) showed normal lung nuclei and undamaged cells in control group while abnormal tailed nuclei and damaged cells in TiO2NPs group (Figure 1b and c) and TiO2NPs+idebenone groups (Figure 1d) less number of abnormal tailed nuclei and damaged cells were detected
The present study showed non-significant difference in mean values of serum nitric oxide (NO) in TiO2NPs + Idebenone groups when compared with vet control group, but there was highly significant decrease in mean values of serum NO in TiO2NPs + idebenone group when compared with TiO2NPs intoxicated group
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonest (Ti) compound (Robert, 2013), formed from (Ti) natural oxidization, and founded in four polymorphs: anatase, rutile, brookite, and TiO2 (B) (Vittoriadiamanti, 2013). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used widely in biomedical applications and implanted devices( dental implants, joint replacements, cardiovascular stents, and spinal fixation devices) because of its excellent is a biocompatible compound with bioactive and bacteriostatic properties, blood compatibility, corrosion resistance, and negative surface charge in physiological solution that resulting in the nucleation and growth of CaP phase and accelerated osteointegration. These implants release titanium under mechanical stress or altered physiological conditions such as low pH in nanometer size range (Vamanu et al, 2008; Shtansky et al, 2015)
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