Abstract
Kielmeyera coriaceae Mart. and Zucc. belongs to Clusiaceae family and is largely distributed in the cerrado Brazilian biome. In this study, phytochemical screening, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aerial parts of the K. coriacea were evaluated. The extracts showed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, triterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extract and partitions of plant parts of K. coriacea showed a very strong antioxidant activity, in particular, the inner bark of the plant. The ethanolic extract and the cyclohexane fraction of the inner bark showed high antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 3.1 and 100 μg ml−1. The cyclohexane fraction was the most active with CIMs of 6.2 μg ml−1 for most of the tested bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, the main etiological agent of dental caries. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mitis, with MIC value ​​of 3.1 μg ml−1, a value lower than that found by the positive control. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities could be due to the different phytochemical classes presented in the ethanolic extract and partitions studied. The antioxidant activity and the antimicrobial activity showed by the ethanolic extract and cyclohexene fraction of the inner bark were considered promising. Key words: Kielmeyera coriacea, Clusiaceae, extracts phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities
Highlights
The Cerrado is the second largest biome found in Brazil, providing about 160,000 species of plants, animals and fungi (Brannstrom et al, 2008) and is recognized as the richest savanna in the world, housing 11,627 native plant species already cataloged (MMA, 2013), having 220 species with medicinal use
Some compounds isolated from the dichloromethane extract of leaves exhibited antimicrobial activity (Cortez et al, 2002), antifungal activity (Cortez et al 1998) and the mixture of δ-tocotrienol, and dimers found in hexane extract of the root bark from K. coriacea presented, in vitro, action against strains of cancer (Mesquita et al, 2011)
The ethanol extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 20.5, 16.4, 14.9, and 0.6 g for leaf, inner bark, outer bark and wood respectively
Summary
The Cerrado is the second largest biome found in Brazil, providing about 160,000 species of plants, animals and fungi (Brannstrom et al, 2008) and is recognized as the richest savanna in the world, housing 11,627 native plant species already cataloged (MMA, 2013), having 220 species with medicinal use. Among these species is the Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. Dichloromethane extracts of K. coriacea leaves and stems are rich in xanthones, triterpenes and biphenileted compounds (Cortez et al, 2002; Cortez et al, 1998). The dichloromethane extract of the stem of Kielmeyera cuspidata exhibited antibacterial activity for the microorganisms Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subitilis, Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus mutans (Sobral et al, 2009)
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