Abstract
Coxsackieviruses are non-enveloped viruses with linear single-stranded RNA. Group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal tissue. Peptide fragments of Coxsackievirus-B coat protein can be used to select nonamers for use in rational vaccine design and to increase the understanding of roles of the immune system in infectious diseases. Analysis shows MHC class II binding peptides of coat protein from Coxsackievirus-B are important determinant for protection of host form viral infection. In this assay we predicted the binding affinity of coat protein having 281 amino acids, which shows 273 nonamers. These peptides are from a set of aligned peptides known to bind to a given MHC molecule as the predictor of MHC-peptide binding. MHCII molecules bind peptides in similar yet different modes and alignments of MHCII-ligands were obtained to be consistent with the binding mode of the peptides to their MHC class, this means the increase in affinity of MHC binding peptides may result in enhancement of immunogenicity of coat protein nonamers. Binding ability prediction of antigen peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I & II molecules is important in vaccine development from Coxsackievirus.
Highlights
Coxsackieviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus, which includes poliovirus and echovirus
We found the SVM based MHCII-IAb peptide regions; MHCII-IAd peptide regions; MHCII-IAg7 peptide regions and MHCII- RT1.B peptide regions, which represented predicted binders from viral coat protein (Table 2)
Predicted antigenic fragments can bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule is the first bottlenecks in vaccine design
Summary
Coxsackieviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus, which includes poliovirus and echovirus. The virus is most frequently distributed via the fecal-oral route, and infection commonly occurs after eating contaminated food. Coxsackie B viruses are cytolytic, and Coxsackie B2 and B5 viruses have been implicated in hand, foot and mouth disease as well as respiratory infection [2]. Coxsackieviruses are transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route and respiratory aerosols, transmission via fomites is possible. The viruses initially replicate in the upper respiratory tract and the distal small bowel. They have been found in the respiratory tract up to 3 weeks after initial infection and in feces up to 8 weeks after initial infection. The viruses have been found to replicate in the submucosal lymph tissue and disseminate to the reticuloendothelial system. Further dissemination to target organs occurs following a secondary viremia
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