Abstract
Fusarium wilt is one of the economical important vascular root diseases affecting chickpea. A total of 427 chickpea germplasms were grouped into two types, desi type (385) and kabuli. 42 genotypes were evaluated to identify fusarium wilt resistant sources in Debre Zeit sick plot under natural infected field. The genotypes were grown in 2017/18 main cropping season and augmented design was used without replications; highly susceptible differential checks (JG-62) was replicated as indicator for disease appearance. The disease incidences were assessed three times at different growth stage and genotypes were graded as per ICRISAT rating scale. The fusarium wilt incidences revealed that five lines were resistant and ten had moderately resistant reaction in desi; five were resistant and 14 genotypes were moderately resistant in kabuli type of chickpea respectively. This implies that source of variability in desi type chickpea has low resistance to wilt/root rot and other major chickpea diseases. Most accession lines are early wilting type, which makes it difficult to identify slow wilting type of lines in chickpea. Thus, the promising genotypes indicate that it is most suitable for exploitation in breeding and its directly used in severely wilt affected areas as well as transfer of their gene to a commercial cultivar on the basis of resistance type. Key word: Chickpea, Fusarium wilt, incidence, inheritance, slow wilting.
Highlights
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris) is one of the most important root diseases that affects chickpea and is wide spread in chickpea growing areas such as Asia, Africa and Southern Europe where the chickpeagrowing season is dry and warm (Asrat and Tolesa, 2018); inflicting accountable quantitative as well as qualitative losses (Thaware et al, 2016; Khilare et al, 2009)
A total of 427 chickpea germplasms were grouped in two chickpea type which is desi type (385) received from Ethiopian Bio-diversity Institute (EBI) and kabuli (42) genotypes introduced from International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) for their reaction to Fusarium wilt disease
Govil and Rana (1984) evaluated 239 cultivars representing a range of variability among Indian and Iranian germplasm in wilt sick plot for years, which is consistent with the findings on desi type of chickpea accessions
Summary
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris) is one of the most important root diseases that affects chickpea and is wide spread in chickpea growing areas such as Asia, Africa and Southern Europe where the chickpeagrowing season is dry and warm (Asrat and Tolesa, 2018); inflicting accountable quantitative as well as qualitative losses (Thaware et al, 2016; Khilare et al, 2009). Sp ciceris) is one of the most important root diseases that affects chickpea and is wide spread in chickpea growing areas such as Asia, Africa and Southern Europe where the chickpeagrowing season is dry and warm (Asrat and Tolesa, 2018); inflicting accountable quantitative as well as qualitative losses (Thaware et al, 2016; Khilare et al, 2009). Attacks from Fusarium wilt pathogen can destroy a crop completely (Shivalingappa et al, 2018) or cause significant annual yield losses. The average yield reduction of chickpea due to Fusarium wilt globally varies from 10 to 15% and under severe conditions, the wilt infection can damage the crop completely and cause 100% yield loss in some countries (Navas-Cortés et al, 2000; Sharma et al, 2005). Wilting is reported to cause 77-94% yield loss (Haware and Nene, 1980).
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