Abstract
Molecular barcoding was widely recognized as a powerful tool for the identification of organisms during the past decade; the aim of this study is to use the molecular approach to identify the diatoms by using the environmental DNA. The diatom specimens were taken from Tigris River. The environmental DNA(e DNA) extraction and analysis of sequences using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method showed the highest percentage of epipelic diatom genera including Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kutzing) Czarnecki, 1994 (21.1%), Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, 1838 (21.3%) and Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith, 1856 (16.3%). Five species of diatoms: Achnanthidium minutissimum; Fistulifera saprophila (Lange-Bertalot & Bonik) Lange-Bertalot, 1997; Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot, 1991; Navicula veneta Kutzing, 1844 and Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle Heimdal, 1970 were registered in NCBI under the accession numbers as follows: MN749640.1, MN749641.1, MN749642.1, MN749643.1 and MN749646.1 for the first time; while the two algae Fistulifera saprophila and Thalassiosira pseudonana are regarded as a new record to algal flora in Iraq. The environmental DNA study will be a catalyst for new studies of biodiversity and environmental studies in Iraq and the region.
Highlights
Significant environmental problems are caused by rapid population growth in the world; lack of environmental knowledge in society and changes in the industry, duringFive diatom species identified the last century
Slides were mounted by Canada balsam and the cover was flipped on the dry spot and the lid of the slide was pressed gently to distribute the material in a homogeneous manner to avoid the emergence of bubbles near the edges of the sliding lid (Salman et al 2017); diatoms were identified according to Round et al (1990)
A total of 186 epipelic diatoms taxa were identified according to the traditional concept which belong to a 59 genera according to (Round et al, 1990)
Summary
Significant environmental problems are caused by rapid population growth in the world; lack of environmental knowledge in society and changes in the industry, duringFive diatom species identified the last century. Diatoms are considered to be a large part of the benthos (often 90–95 percent), and are present all the time in all surface waters. They are one of the most important groups of aquatic producers and react quickly to the environmental variables change. Diatoms, which are recognized as an important component of bioindicator species, have, been used as water pollution indicators for environmental assessments in many countries (Gürbüz and Kivrak, 2002; Passy et al, 2004; Godhe and Härnström, 2010; Aydın and Büyükışık, 2014; Tan et al, 2017)
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