Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to propose a methodology to design and optimize a stand-alone hybrid PV/wind/diesel/battery minimizing the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) and the CO2 emission using a Multi-Objectives Genetic Algorithm approach. The methodology developed was applied using the solar radiation, temperature and the wind speed collected on the site of Potou located in the northwestern coast of Senegal. The LCE and the CO2 emission were computed for each solution and the results were presented as a Pareto front between LCE and the CO2 emission. These results show that as the LCE increases the CO2 emission decreases. For example, the solution A (left solution on the Pareto front) presents 2.05 €/kWh and 11.89 kgCO2/year, however the solution E (right solution on the Pareto front) shows 0.77 €/kWh and 10,839.55 kgCO2 /year. It was also noted that the only PV/battery or Wind/ battery was not an optimal configuration for this application on the site of Potou with the use of the load profile and the specifications of the used devices. For all solutions, the PV generator was more adapted to supply the energy demand than the wind turbines. Key words: Hybrid system, optimization, genetic algorithm, cost of energy, CO2 emission.
Highlights
The scarcity of conventional energy resources, the rise in the fuel prices and the harmful emissions from the burning of fossil fuels has made power generation from conventional energy sources unsustainable and unviable.It is estimated that this supply demand gap will continue to rise exponentially unless it is met by some other means of power generation
Every solution of the best Pareto front was formed by a combination of hybrid systems and control strategy, with a different Levelized Cost of consumed Energy (LCE)
It was noted that the increasing of LCE implies the decreasing of the CO2 emission
Summary
The scarcity of conventional energy resources, the rise in the fuel prices and the harmful emissions from the burning of fossil fuels has made power generation from conventional energy sources unsustainable and unviable.It is estimated that this supply demand gap will continue to rise exponentially unless it is met by some other means of power generation. The use of a single renewable energy source such as wind energy or solar energy is not adequate to meet the demand for long periods due to the intermittent nature of the renewable energy high, the cost of system as well as storage subsystem (Ayong et al, 2013; Bekele and Palm, 2010; Diaf et al, 2008 ; Ekren-O and Ekren- by, 2010; Kalantar and Mousavi, 2010; Kanase-Patil et al, 2011; SahebKoussa et al, 2009; Zhou et al, 2010) To meet this challenge, the renewable sources such as wind and solar energy can be used in combination with the conventional energy systems making a hybrid PV/wind/diesel/battery system. These kinds of systems could allow dropping the investment, operation and the maintenance costs of systems (Colle et al, 2004)
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