Abstract
This chapter distils the key conceptual ideas of language planning and policies research to provide a holistic picture of contexts, challenges and goals of English education in India. It deals with the historical profile and the pioneering attempts in language policies in ancient and medieval India to show how historical multilingualism can inform English language teaching policies in India. The chapter provides an overview of key issues and current challenges involving the execution of English language policy and the three language formula in modern India. The post-independence identity marked English as a neutral pan-Indian language with no prior regional, religious, ethnic or linguistic identity. Immediately after Indian independence, the Indian constitution had also made room for English, the colonial exocentric (foreign) language, as a transition language to be replaced by Hindi as the sole national language within the 15 years.
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