Abstract
The poor cycle performance caused by the shuttle effect of polysulfides is the main challenge that affects the practical implementation for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Here, a unique long-range and phosphorus-deficient phosphorene (BP4-x) framework featured with 3D ordered sponge (3DOS) architecture and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedding is developed, which serves as a high-performance sulfur immobilizer and catalytic promoter for polysulfide conversion. The 3DOS architecture comprise ultrathin and large BP nanosheets and the semi-connected nanosheets afford open channels for fast ion/mass transfer. Simultaneously, CNTs embedded within the BP4-x skeleton as a conductive network can improve the conductivity of the materials. The Li-S batteries constructed with these advanced features exhibits an enhanced capacity of 1120.1 mAh g−1 with a high coulombic efficiency of similar to 99.4%, and great rate capability of 660.1 mAh g−1 at 4 C. Our study illustrates potential application of a metal-free phosphorene catalyst for high energy storage devices.
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