Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the largest food crops in the world. Due to its abundance of starch, sweet potato is a valuable ingredient in food derivatives, dietary supplements, and industrial raw materials. In addition, due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of harsh climate and soil conditions, sweet potato is a crop that copes well with the environmental stresses caused by climate change. However, due to the complexity of the sweet potato genome and the long breeding cycle, our ability to modify sweet potato starch is limited. In this review, we cover the recent development in sweet potato breeding, understanding of starch properties, and the progress in sweet potato genomics. We describe the applicational values of sweet potato starch in food, industrial products, and biofuel, in addition to the effects of starch properties in different industrial applications. We also explore the possibility of manipulating starch properties through biotechnological means, such as the CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing. The ability to target the genome with precision provides new opportunities for reducing breeding time, increasing yield, and optimizing the starch properties of sweet potatoes.
Highlights
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the largest food crops in the world (Figure 1a)
These results indicate that nitrogen regulates carbon flux through mechanisms that are yet to be determined, and a balance between nitrogen and carbon metabolism is required during sweet potato root development
The ability to naturally modify sweet potato starch significantly enhances the economic value of the crop
Summary
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the largest food crops in the world (Figure 1a). Biochemical properties of starch vary among plant species, largely because of the ratio of amylose and amylopectin. - Fewer short chain of amylopectin CLDs. The waxy transgenic plants show weak Type II distribution compared to high amylose starch. Large decrease in amylose and increase in long chain amylopectin. Increased starch content and granule size and reduced the proportion of amylose in IbSSI overexpressing plants. Higher in amylose content but slightly lower in starch yield, and showed different shapes of starch grains compared to WT. Larger granule size in high-amylose starch (90 μm) compared to WT (5–60 μm). Following a brief introduction of the starch biosynthetic pathway and the key enzymes involved, this review focuses on the regulation of carbon metabolism during storage root development, the CRISPR/Cas technology, and its applications in the modification of starch structure and quality
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