Engineering properties of Novolac resin‐PMMA{poly(methyl methacrylate)} IPN system

Abstract

AbstractFull and semi interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on phenol‐formaldehyde resin (Novolac) and poly(methyl methacrylate) have been made by in situ sequential technique of IPN formation. These systems of different compositions were characterized with respect to their mechanical properties, such as, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage elongation at break, modulus, and toughness. Thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Extent of phase mixing of the two polymers was envisaged from the micrographs obtained by polarizing light microscopy (PLM). The effects of variation of the blend ratios on the above‐mentioned properties were examined. There was a decreasing trend of modulus and UTS with consequent increases in elongation at break and toughness for both types of IPNs with increase in proportions of PMMA. Lowering of glass transition temperatures (with respect to pure crosslinked Novolac resin) of the IPNs with increasing proportions of PMMA was observed, indicating a plasticizing influence of PMMA on the rigid and brittle matrix of phenolic resin. The TGA thermograms exhibit lowering in thermal stability of the IPNs with respect to pure phenolic resin in the regions of higher temperatures. With increase in proportion of PMMA the onset of degradation of the IPNs is shifted towards lower temperature zone. The surface morphology as revealed by PLM indicates distribution of discrete domains of PMMA in the phenolic resin matrix. The two phase interfaces are quite sharp at higher concentrations of PMMA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2764–2774, 2004