Abstract
The bottom ash of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) and water filter silt (WFS) were applied to a controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in the present study. The CLSM of the control group was composed of cement, water, and fine aggregates. WFS was first used as a fill material to replace 10% of the volume of natural fine aggregates in the CLSM. MSWI bottom ash was used to replace 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the volume of the remaining natural fine aggregates with a water-cement ratio of 1.6. The engineering properties of freshness, hardening, and durability were examined. The results revealed that the slump flows of all of the mixture proportions ranged between 50 and 70 cm. The tube flow ranged between 20 and 30 cm, conforming to ASTM D6103 and construction regulations regarding CLSMs stipulated by the Water Resources Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan. Increases in the replacement amount of MSWI bottom ash prolonged the time required to achieve a resistance to penetration of 2.74 MPa. The diameter of the drop test ball was less than 7.6 cm, indicating that the mixture proportions had sufficient bearing capacity for successive construction. At an age of 28 d, the compressive strength did not exceed the 8.4 MPa prescribed in ASTM D4832. The ultrasonic pulse velocity and water absorption exhibited identical growth tendencies. In summary, using MSWI bottom ash to create CLSMs is feasible on the condition that the appropriate amount of WFS should be added.
Highlights
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is causing ecological problems worldwide
In order to investigate the workability of this municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), the experiment of Slump, slump flow, and tube flow was carried out at the same time after the sample was mixed, and the results are shown in Figure 2, when the water-cement ratio was 1.6, the slump measured 26.8–26.5 cm, slump flow was
Because water filter silt (WFS) is a type of clay soil, which represents high water absorption, an increase in the WFS replacement reduces the workability of the controlled low-strength material (CLSM), the result is similar to that of Kuo et al [21] using high water absorption oyster shell (WOS)
Summary
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is causing ecological problems worldwide. To fight increasing municipal waste, the development of waste-to-energy technology has drawn widespread attention in various countries. The incineration of MSW produces a large amount of fly ash and bottom ash [4], which leach high levels of heavy metals. They are classified as hazardous waste [5] and are prone to affect the environment. In recent years, the technology used to recycle incinerator bottom ash has become more developed. After undergoing pretreatments such as magnetic separation, crushing and sieving, or screening, the incinerator ash is subject to treatment processes such as stabilization, maturation, or washing, depending on the classification, use, and demand for the recycled resource
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