Abstract
Microbial pathogens have always posed serious threats and challenges to human existence. Pathogenic microbes causing epidemic and pandemic outbreaks have the potential of effacing life on earth. Vaccines are used as prophylactic as well as treatment measures against diseases and are effective in eradicating deadly pathogens. Conventional vaccines though effective, have high production costs, involve tedious purification processes and have biosafety issues, requiring time-consuming biosafety tests for commercial production. Plant-based vaccines offer several advantages over the conventional systems such as ease of production, storage, higher yields, stability and safety. The review discusses significance, advantages, comparisons, prospects and challenges or constraints in the production of plant-based vaccines and antibodies.
Highlights
Microbial pathogens have always posed serious threats and challenges to human existence
The target antigen gene that replaces CP gene which is inserted into a unique cloning site, under the transcriptional control of the coat protein sub-genomic mRNA promoter replicase, movement protein (MP) and viral replicase gene required for the replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) gene was inserted between left and right border sequences (LB and RB) of the Agrobacterium binary plasmid to form a launch vector, which is transferred into plant cells by agroinfiltration
The Canada-based biopharmaceutical company Medicago Inc. is into transient expression of SARS-CoV-2 virus S protein, using a virus-like particle (VLP) grown in Nicotiana benthamiana to develop a potential vaccine against the coronavirus disease that has reached a global pandemic level
Summary
“Let food be thy medicine”—Hippocrates Man has evolved in his continuous journey of “struggle for survival” on the earth. Vaccines for prevention and treatment of fatal microbial diseases, are the prime mode of tackling a disease. A vaccine may be attenuated form of the live virus or microbial pathogen, or a subunit of the virus, which can elicit immunity response with production of antibodies, that act against the viral antigens. The rapid spread of severe contagious infections such as HIV, SARS, Ebola, and Zika in recent years has emphasised on the significance of global preparedness for pandemics, which necessitates extremely rapid development and comprehensive distribution of vaccines against potentially deadly, novel pathogens [3]. Rapid development and large-scale production of vaccines is the need-of-the-hour in case of an unexpected global calamity of a pandemic of massive scale. The review describes the strategies, advantages, challenges and prospects in the production of plant-based vaccines
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