Engineering of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite-Magnetite Hierarchical Scaffolds for Guided Bone Growth.

Pistone Pistone,Tricoli Tricoli,Celesti Celesti,Ashok Ashok,Piperopoulos Piperopoulos,Nisbet Nisbet,Cembran Cembran

doi:10.3390/ma12142321

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142321

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Abstract

Bioabsorbable materials have received increasing attention as innovative systems for the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. In this paper, chitosan-based composites were synthesized adding hydroxyapatite and/or magnetite in a chitosan matrix by in situ precipitation technique. Composites were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro cell culture studies. Hydroxyapatite and magnetite were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix and the composites showed superior biocompatibility and the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation; in particular, the chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite composite (CS/HA/MGN) demonstrated superior bioactivity with respect to pure chitosan (CS) and to the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffolds.

Highlights

The recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication methodology have dramatically improved the tissue-implant interface, offering alternative treatment options for patients affected by bone injuries or diseases [1,2,3]
A superior homogeneous dispersion of the hydroxyapatite inside This the method chitosan matrix as highlighted composites were prepared by using an in situ precipitation method
In the sample using our fabricated with powder, while a homogeneous distribution of appears in the sample fabricated with HA powder, while a homogeneous distribution of HA appears in the sample optimized inprepared situ precipitation method

Summary

Introduction

The recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication methodology have dramatically improved the tissue-implant interface, offering alternative treatment options for patients affected by bone injuries or diseases [1,2,3]. Three-dimensional alveolar bone resorption occur as early as six months after tooth loss or extraction, posing a significant challenge for predictable implant placement For these reasons, the reconstruction of the resorbed alveolar ridges has been a goal for clinicians in order to optimize outcomes of oral implant placement [9,10]. The reconstruction of the resorbed alveolar ridges has been a goal for clinicians in order to optimize outcomes of oral implant placement [9,10] Different strategies, such as bone-grafting techniques, alveolar distraction osteogenesis and guided bone regeneration (GBR), have been used to reconstitute the lost bone and to facilitate implant integration and maintenance during the functional loading [11,12,13]. GBR uses barrier membranes that are able to exclude nonosteogenic cell populations from the Materials 2019, 12, 2321; doi:10.3390/ma12142321 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials

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