Abstract
The large-scale production of plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) in bioreactors to meet the increasing demand for bioactive compounds for the treatment and prevention of degenerative diseases is nowadays considered an engineering challenge due to the large number of operational factors that need to be considered during their design and scale-up. The plant cell suspension culture (CSC) has presented numerous benefits over other technologies, such as the conventional whole-plant extraction, not only for avoiding the overexploitation of plant species, but also for achieving better yields and having excellent scaling-up attributes. The selection of the bioreactor configuration depends on intrinsic cell culture properties and engineering considerations related to the effect of operating conditions on thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena, which together are essential for accomplishing the large-scale production of PDSM. To this end, this review, firstly, provides a comprehensive appraisement of PDSM, essentially those with demonstrated importance and utilization in pharmaceutical industries. Then, special attention is given to PDSM obtained out of CSC. Finally, engineering aspects related to the bioreactor configuration for CSC stating the effect of the operating conditions on kinetics and transport phenomena and, hence, on the cell viability and production of PDSM are presented accordingly. The engineering analysis of the reviewed bioreactor configurations for CSC will pave the way for future research focused on their scaling up, to produce high value-added PDSM.
Highlights
The plant world has been exploited for thousands of years by human cultures for preventing pain, producing pleasure, usage in religious ceremonies, and treating different diseases and illnesses
Due to the growing interest in obtaining phytochemicals from plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM), the use of biotechnologies based on the plant cell culture (PCC) results in a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly way of overcoming the problems related to either the traditional cultivation of medicinal plants
Because of its impact on the design and scale-up of cell suspension culture (CSC), the third part elucidates the impact of the bioreactor configuration and operational conditions on the performance of plant cell cultures during the production of PDSM
Summary
The plant world has been exploited for thousands of years by human cultures for preventing pain, producing pleasure, usage in religious ceremonies, and treating different diseases and illnesses. Due to the growing interest in obtaining phytochemicals from plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM), the use of biotechnologies based on the plant cell culture (PCC) results in a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly way of overcoming the problems related to either the traditional cultivation of medicinal plants Among PCC, the plant cell suspension culture (CSC) is one of the processes that presents excellent scaling-up attributes for producing plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM). Because of its impact on the design and scale-up of CSC, the third part elucidates the impact of the bioreactor configuration and operational conditions on the performance of plant cell cultures during the production of PDSM
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