Abstract
The successful integration of nanoparticles into biomedical applications requires modulation of their surface properties so that the interaction with biological systems is regulated to minimize toxicity for biological function. In the present work, we have engineered bioactive surfaces on gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles and subsequently evaluated their interaction with mouse skin fibroblasts and macrophages. The Au and Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using tyrosine, tryptophan, isonicotinylhydrazide, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin as reducing and stabilizing agents. The nanoparticles thus prepared showed surface corona and exhibited free radical scavenging and enzyme activities with limited cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. We have thus developed avenues for engineering the surface of nanoparticles for biological applications.
Highlights
Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are of particular interest as they offer unique properties: (1) they are easy to prepare, (2) Au nanoparticles are biocompatible, (3) Ag nanoparticles possess antimicrobial properties, (4) synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles with desirable physicochemical properties is cost-effective, and (v) stability of Au and Ag nanoparticles can be enhanced by surface m odifications[18,26,27,28,29,30]
We have shown that certain biomolecules form a surface corona on nanoparticles, and the particles show free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), peroxidase-like enzyme activity, limited cytotoxicity, and DNA damage
We have shown that the slow hydrolysis of INH at alkaline pH produces hydrazine (H2N–NH2), which effectively reduces [AuCl4]− and Ag+ ions leading to the formation of A uINH and A gINH nanoparticles, r espectively[26,40]
Summary
Our goal is to induce novel surface corona on Au and Ag nanoparticles using several biomolecules, including tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), isonicotinylhydrazide (INH), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin (Cur). These molecules are of biological origin, nontoxic and capable of reducing metal ions to produce stable nanoparticles. 100 ml of aqueous solutions with 1 mM KOH containing 0.1 mM Tyr, Trp, INH, EGCG, or Cur, respectively, were allowed to heat at constant stirring conditions, followed by the addition of 0.1 mM [AuCl4]− or Ag+ ions to obtain Au and Ag nanoparticles.
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