Abstract
BackgroundIn the yeast biomass production process, protein carbonylation has severe adverse effects since it diminishes biomass yield and profitability of industrial production plants. However, this significant detriment of yeast performance can be alleviated by increasing thioredoxins levels. Thioredoxins are important antioxidant defenses implicated in many functions in cells, and their primordial functions include scavenging of reactive oxygen species that produce dramatic and irreversible alterations such as protein carbonylation.ResultsIn this work we have found several proteins specifically protected by yeast Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2p). Bidimensional electrophoresis and carbonylated protein identification from TRX-deficient and TRX-overexpressing cells revealed that glycolysis and fermentation-related proteins are specific targets of Trx2p protection. Indeed, the TRX2 overexpressing strain presented increased activity of the central carbon metabolism enzymes. Interestingly, Trx2p specifically preserved alcohol dehydrogenase I (Adh1p) from carbonylation, decreased oligomer aggregates and increased its enzymatic activity.ConclusionsThe identified proteins suggest that the fermentative capacity detriment observed under industrial conditions in T73 wine commercial strain results from the oxidative carbonylation of specific glycolytic and fermentation enzymes. Indeed, increased thioredoxin levels enhance the performance of key fermentation enzymes such as Adh1p, which consequently increases fermentative capacity.
Highlights
In the yeast biomass production process, protein carbonylation has severe adverse effects since it diminishes biomass yield and profitability of industrial production plants
The results show how the carbonylation of some proteins belonging to heat shock proteins (Mif4p and Ssa1p) and ATP metabolism (Vma1p and Atp2p) increased at 15 h of growth, which lowered at the end of the process
In this work, we have found that several proteins implicated mainly in glycolysis and fermentation become carbonylated throughout industrial yeast biomass propagation, which affects their corresponding enzyme activities and lowers biomass fermentative capacity
Summary
In the yeast biomass production process, protein carbonylation has severe adverse effects since it diminishes biomass yield and profitability of industrial production plants. This significant detriment of yeast performance can be alleviated by increasing thioredoxins levels. In the industrial yeast biomass propagation process, oxidative stress plays an important role by decreasing biomass yield and affecting fermentative properties of the produced biomass [1,2]. TRXs have been implicated in the regulation of the redox state of H2O2-responsive signaling proteins, and they have many growth factor-like properties, including secretion, cell surface binding and catalytic activity [9]. In E. coli and plants, approximately 80 proteins have been associated with thioredoxins under different conditions, implicating thioredoxins in at least 26 cellular processes [10,11]
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