Abstract
Biomaterials having cell adhesion ability are considered to be integral part of a cell chip. A number of researches have been carried out to search for a suitable material for effective immobilization of cell on substrate. Engineered ECM materials or their components like collagen, Poly-l-Lysine (PLL), Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide have been extensively used for mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation with the aim of tissue regeneration or cell based sensing application. This review focuses on the various approaches for two- and three-dimensionally patterned nanostructures of a short peptide i.e. RGD peptide on chip surfaces together with their effects on cell behaviors and electrochemical measurements. Most of the study concluded with positive remarks on the well-oriented engineered RGD peptide over their homogenous thin film. The engineered RGD peptide not only influences cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation but also their periodic nano-arrays directly influence electrochemical measurements of the chips. The electrochemical signals found to be enhanced when RGD peptides were used in well-defined two-dimensional nano-arrays. The topographic alteration of three-dimensional structure of engineered RGD peptide was reported to be suitably contacted with the integrin receptors of cellular membrane which results indicated the enhanced cell-electrode adhesion and efficient electron exchange phenomenon. This enhanced electrochemical signal increases the sensitivity of the chip against the target analytes. Therefore, development of engineered cellular recognizable peptides and its 3D topological design for fabrication of cell chip will provide the synergetic effect on bio-affinity, sensitivity and accuracy for the in situ real-time monitoring of analytes.
Highlights
Cell chip based electrochemical sensing has been proved to be a potential tool for bio sensing [1], environmental monitoring [2,3,4], and in vitro drug effect studies [5, 6]
6 Conclusions The whole cell based chip has become a potential tool for electrochemical monitoring or sensing environmental toxicity and in vitro drug effect study
The biomaterials having cell adhesion molecules/motif has great impact on the electron exchange mechanism as they are readily employed at the cell electrode interfaces
Summary
Cell chip based electrochemical sensing has been proved to be a potential tool for bio sensing [1], environmental monitoring [2,3,4], and in vitro drug effect studies [5, 6]. The repeated unites of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in ECM proteins are considered to be functional motif for cell-ECM interaction through RGD integrin linkage [15,16,17] This RGD tripeptide sequences were synthesized at a various archistructural arrangements like RGD-Map-C and C(RGD) for the functionalization of artificial surface for establishing mammalian cells [10, 18]. Recently introduced modified self-assembly method i.e. MGSA has given an excellent opportunity for assembling biomaterials at a definite spatial as well as archistructural arrangements [11] This precise spatial and size controlled nanostructuring opportunity together with the excellent cell adhesion ability of RGD peptide has great significance in the rapidly expanding cell chip technologies [19]. This article recommends that cell immobilized on RGD-Map-C nanostructures modified conductive cell chip is very effective tool for the electrochemical measurement
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