Abstract
This review covers the preparation, characterization, and application of magnetic adsorbents obtained from carbon-based sources and their application in the adsorption of both inorganic and organic pollutants from water. Different preparation routes to obtain magnetic adsorbents from activated carbon, biochar, hydrochar, graphene, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanocages, including the magnetic phase incorporated on the solid surface, are described and discussed. The performance of these adsorbents is analyzed for the removal of fluoride, arsenic, heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other emerging and relevant water pollutants. Properties of these adsorbents and the corresponding adsorption mechanisms have been included in this review. Overall, this type of magnetic adsorbents offers an alternative for facing the operational problems associated to adsorption process in water treatment. However, some gaps have been identified in the proper physicochemical characterization of these adsorbents, the development of green and low-cost preparation methods for their industrial production and commercialization, the regeneration and final disposal of spent adsorbents, and their application in the multicomponent adsorption of water pollutants.
Highlights
Adsorption has been widely used for water and wastewater purification because of its significant benefits in terms of low cost, easy operation, limited energy consumption, selectivity, and flexibility for process design and scale-up [1, 2]
The magnetic adsorbents obtained from carbon precursors have gained a significant attention in this field due to their attractive features, which combine the magnetic characteristics of metals supported and those of the carbon matrix to promote their selectivity and performance for the adsorption of a wide spectrum of both organic and inorganic pollutants
The magnetic properties allow the adsorbents to be separated and recovered employing an external magnetic field contributing to their reutilization and reducing the limitations caused by the application of nanodimension adsorbent particles
Summary
Adsorption has been widely used for water and wastewater purification because of its significant benefits in terms of low cost, easy operation, limited energy consumption, selectivity, and flexibility for process design and scale-up [1, 2]. These materials can be produced from low-cost feedstock like agricultural orange peel waste [23], pinewood [24], chestnut shell [25], empty fruit bunch from palm [26], rice straw [27, 28], coconut shell [29], potato stems and leaves [30], and banana biomass [31] In this sense, the carbon-based feedstock and iron compounds can be utilized to prepare new composite materials taking advantage of their unique characteristics to obtain outstanding magnetic adsorbents with enhanced properties for the pollutant(s) removal in water treatment and other environmental applications [32, 33]. An overview of the synthesis of magnetic carbon-based adsorbents is provided
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
