Abstract
Smoke opacity, CO, NOx and other engine emissions can vary appreciably with the use of biodiesels obtained from different feedstock. Biofuel density, viscosity and bulk modulus are linked to engine performance and emissions. This paper represents an up-to-date review of engine performances and emissions with biodiesels derived from different feedstock and conventional diesel. The data indicate that biodiesel is an attractive renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines in terms of environmental benefits. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesels can have significant effects on the combustion process, which will impact on the engine performance and emissions. Based on this information, major issues in the search for suitable ingredients and processes to produce quality biodiesels have been presented. The study is of interest to sustainable development.
Highlights
Interest in biodiesel as an alternative engine fuel has widely increased globally due to political, financial, and environmental reasons
After the oil crisis in the 1970s, many non-oil producing countries initiated efforts to lessen their dependency on fossil fuels by encouraging the development of alternative energy sources such as the production of biodiesel using locally available oil bearing crops
Extensive research has been conducted on the extraction of biodiesels from different feedstock and the characteristics of biodiesels of different origins on engine performances and emissions have become topics of increasing importance
Summary
Interest in biodiesel as an alternative engine fuel has widely increased globally due to political, financial, and environmental reasons. By converting unutilized agricultural land to produce high oil-yield crops that are cheap, abundant and can be grown rapidly without restricted growing seasons, analysts believed that the economical production of biofuels for domestic consumption could be sustained, but could be profitable This is based on the assumption that the price of biofuels will progressively increase with time owing to the continuous depletion of the limited available fossil fuel reserves and the growing demand for energy. The transesterification of the plant oils to methyl esters generally resulted in a drastic decrease of the viscosity with a slight drop in density while increasing the calorific value and cetane number. To further understand the characteristics of different biodiesels, this paper examines their effects on engine performances and emissions
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