Engendering an Inclusive Low-carbon Energy Transition in Japan: Considering the Perspectives and Awareness of the Energy Poor

Abstract

Engendering a low-carbon energy transition is necessary to limit climate change impacts and temperature rises. Ideally, such a transition would be inclusive, incorporating all stakeholders, however, the issue of energy poverty is a major obstacle to this goal. This research investigates energy poverty in Japan using a subjective, multidimensional energy poverty measure for the first time, clarifying the linkages between energy poverty and an inclusive, just transition in terms of energy system and policy awareness, behavior and preferences. Through the analysis of an original survey, we uncover that there is a marked difference between low-income and energy poverty households’ environmental awareness, and their subsequent attitude toward the low-carbon energy transition. Currently, the energy poor have negative attitude toward the low-carbon energy transition in Japan, causing an undesirable situation from the perspective of an inclusive, just transition. Our findings suggest that if the Japanese low-carbon energy transition were to be inclusive, a further 5 percent of households could participate in the low-carbon energy transition through access to solar or renewable energy capital. This finding identified the need for policies targeted at the energy poor, specifically for promoting their access to solar capital and low-carbon technologies, in addition to existing policies targeted at low-income households.