Engelli Bireylerde Vücut Bileşiminin Değerlendirilmesi: Geleneksel Derleme

Abstract

Anthropometric measurements and laboratory methods allow the determination of body sizes and composition of individuals. In this way, it is possible to evaluate the nutritional status of people and to intervene. However, sometimes the body composition can be difficult to assess, and one of them is disability. The term of disability is used to describe the individual who is affected by the attitudes and environmental conditions that restrict their full and effective participation in equal conditions with other individuals due to their loss of physical, mental, spiritual, and sensory abilities at various levels. Although the disabled can be examined under different subgroups, there are all difficulties when considering the anthropometric measurement and laboratory methods used for nutritional use in orthopedically and mentally disabled patients from these groups. For example, limb loss in amputation, postural disorders in cerebral palsy and spinal deformities, and different growth and development in cerebral palsy and Down syndrome make it difficult to evaluate the body composition of these disabled groups. For this reason, various equations have been developed for these groups, specific to the disability group. At the same time, there are group-specific growth curves in groups with different growth and development. For this reason, the characteristics of the disabled group should be well known and the right decision should be made on the methods to be used for the alternative and a path should be followed accordingly. In this review, 4 disability groups, namely amputation, cerebral palsy, spinal deformities, and Down syndrome, are discussed.