Engajamento e criação: sobre o desvendamento da realidade em Sartre

Abstract

BARBOSA, Antonia Faro Agostinelli Peixoto. Engajement and creation: about the reality’s “devoilement” in Sartre. 2009. 119 f. Master degree dissertation – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Filosofia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2009. In this work, we seek comprehension about the relationship between literature and reality knowledge in Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as the consequences for the moral action, because from this approach results the reader engagement in face of what has been unveiled by him or her. Therefore, we must clarify directly or indirectly two central concepts in the sartrian works: the concept of action through revealment and the concept of realism, which requires a displacement of traditional concepts from their original places, redefining a new constellation that will produce a new method. The dissertation is developed in four parts. In the first one, we aim at the concept of knowledge as “devoilement”, analyzing passages of the works Etre et neant (1943) and, foremost, Verite et existence (1948). After the study of these works, the truth turns to be considered not as an axiomatic form, but as an experience of contingence. Thence comes the necessary change on philosophical methods and the fight against a certain tradition – the tradition of what it known as “digestive philosophies”. In the second part, based primary on the essays Qu’est-ce que la litterature? (1947) and “L’artiste et sa conscience”, we see how the “other” arts (with exception to the prose) do not constitute for Sartre as privileged movements for the experimentation and verification of the reality knowledge. In the third part, we approach properly the ontologic content of language that function as a way of aiming at the being through the absence and we observe how these relationships drive to the moral question, since it is through the other’s look that the gift (what was verified and established by a community) reacquires the sense of a new revealment. In this perspective, it is the action of the reader, which acts as the other opposed to the language, that will complete the literature work both in the sense of creation and in the sense of moral action. Finally, at the forth part of this work we propose an interpretation of a Franz Kafka short story, “Worries of a family man” (1919), as an example of the way of aiming at the real of the “devoilement” and of the prose, based on the contents approached on the last sections.